دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 24 2 2013 08 23 Assessing Spatial Distribution of Tabriz Parks by GIS (Compared Network Analysis and Buffering) ارزیابی توزیع فضایی پارک‌های شهری تبریز با استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی GIS (روش تطبیقی تحلیل شبکه و بافرینگ) 223 234 18604 FA ابوالفضل قنبری استادیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران محمد قنبری دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 Extended Abstract 1- Introduction Today the concept of cites is unimaginable without different green spaces. In cites and specially big and industrial cites green spaces have differ functions. So green space has caused to improve cities environments in one hand and it has been provided appropriate situations for spending free times in other hand. The importance of urban green spaces can not be ignored in cites sustainability, physical and natural effects on urban systems and different ecological, economical and social outputs. By this approach green space can be defined as external place by significant vegetation and semi natural regions. Tabriz urban parks and parks under construction involve 1174 hectare. This figure is significant compared to other cites in Iran. Although this figure seems appropriate but most of the parks under construction are located outside of urban areas. There is no similar access to these parks so the chance to visit is reduced. In this article the manner of aces to urban parks has been analyzed by network analysis method in GIS and the results have been compared by Buffering analysis method in GIS under Spatial Analysis. 2- Methodology In this article the network analysis and buffering methods have been used for evaluating spatial distribution of Tabriz urban parks. In network analysis method the parks are considered as central places and links are routs connecting citizens to urban parks. Nodes are intersection of links. Urban maps in scale of 1:15000 and Spot satellite images have been employed in order to define case study district (Tabriz), identification and drawing and establishment of urban passages and parks layers. In this relation the primary databases for network analysis and buffering of establishment and mapping of urban passages (highways, main and secondary streets and alleys) and also service centers (urban parks) have been extracted. Each extracted map was converted to criterion map in GIS for analysis. GIS was employed in order to enter data. The Auto desk map (2009), Arc GIS 9.3 and Excel were used for entering and saving of the data and designing of GIS database. The studied zone urban passages network was drawn in Auto desk map (2009) then it was entered in GIS and the topology was specified in Arc catalog then by new network extension and the passages network was prepared for analysis in GIS. The constructed layer for urban parks was entered into GIS. The confines were applied by software Network Analyze. The UTM was selected for all maps based on limitation of network analysis and according to this fact that the technical transportation sped of a person during walking in normal case is estimated in range of 0.75-1.2m/s. The speed of a person was considered 1.1m/s in this research. The speed of a person and route traveled from home to park has been the basic of this research. Buffering in GIS under Spatial Analysis is other method for comparison with network method. This method and its scope can be beneficial in simple analyses and in general view of a researcher. The confine for urban installation and servicing is considered 800-1000 meter. In this research it is 800 meter. 3- Discussion Straight Line Distance was used for establishing limit for green space in Tabriz. It is a common function of spatial analyst. It is useful in finding near Straight Line Distance and map of competency level. But from the author view point it can be beneficial in establishing air routes .According to green space limit in Tabriz there are areas in coverage of green space limit but there is no standard in access and servicing (universal standard). Since accesses and barriers can be preventive factors that cause to traffic and disorder in servicing urban facilities (green space) and limits opportunity of visit of urban green spaces in spite oh being in district from buffering view point. The analysis of buffering of Tabriz green spaces showed that in spite of having coverage of more than 11130 hectare in distance of 800 meter there is disorder from special distribution since in this analysis we encounter with area without services. Total servicing of urban parks is 3127 hectare in network analysis that approximately 1.3 urban parks servicing is done by buffering method. This difference between real and abstract servicing in network analysis and buffering is resulted from improper localization of urban parks. 4- Conclusion This research evaluates urban parks servicing by emphasize on equality concept. The evaluation method is based on parks spatial distribution by following results: 1- At first parks spatial distribution analysis with buffering method can be efficient for simple and general analyses. 2- The area of servicing in map of network analysis in evaluation of urban parks spatial distribution involves 1/3 of map of servicing area in buffering analysis in GIS that indicates improper distribution of urban green space according to optimal time of access to urban facilities. 3- Vacant areas from urban parks servicing involves% 80 in network analysis and it is %26 in buffering analysis in Tabriz. 4- The spatial distribution is improper in Tabriz in spite of possessing expanded urban parks. 5- According to this fact that the access ways, barriers and time are considered in network analysis they are important in urban parks spatial distribution management. امروزه مفهوم شهرها بدون فضای سبز در اشکال گوناگون آن، غیر قابل تصور است. فضای سبز در شهرها، به ویژه در شهرهای بزرگ و صنعتی، دارای عملکردهای مختلفی می‌باشند. بنابراین فضای سبز از یکسو موجب بهبود وضعیت زیست محیطی شهرها شده، از سوی دیگر شرایط مناسبی را برای گذران اوقات فراغت شهروندان مهیا می‌سازد. نمی توان از اهمیت و نقش فضای سبز شهری در حیات و پایداری آنها و تأثیرات فیزیکی و طبیعی آن در سیستم شهری و بازدهی‌های مختلف اکولوژیکی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی آن چشم پوشی نمود. با این رویکرد فضای سبز شهری را می‌توان به عنوان مکان‌های بیرونی با مقادیر برجسته ای از حیات گیاهی و وجود عمده ای از مناطق شبه طبیعی تعریف نمود. مجموع پارک‌های شهری در تبریز به احتساب پارک‌های در حال احداث 1174 هکتار است که در مقایسه با دیگر شهرها در ایران نسبتاً بزرگ می‌نماید. اگر چه این اندازه ممکن است مطلوب به نظر آید اما بیشتر پارک‌های در حال احداث در بیرون از مناطق شهری مکان یابی شده اند. و شعاع دسترسی ساکنان شهر به این پارک‌ها به یک اندازه نیست. بنابراین فرصت برای دیدار از آنها به حداقل می‌رسد. در این پژوهش با استفاده از روش تحلیل شبکه در محیط GIS نحوه دسترسی معابر به پارک‌های شهری تحلیل شده و نتایج با روش تحلیل بافرینگ در محیط GIS تحت Spatial Analyzes مقایسه شده است. نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان می‌دهد که در تحلیل ساده بافرینگ در محیط GIS مساحت سرویس دهی پارک‌های شهری 11130 هکتار است که حدود 74% از کل شهر را تحت پوشش قرار می‌دهد. و مجموع سرویس دهی پارک‌های شهری در تحلیل شبکه 3127 هکتار (حدود 20% از کل شهر) است که حدوداً سرویس دهی پارک‌های شهری در روش بافرینگ است. این اختلاف بین قابلیت سرویس دهی واقعی و انتزاعی در روش تحلیل شبکه و بافرینگ عمدتاً ناشی از مکان یابی نامناسب پارک‌های شهری است. چنانچه در این پژوهش نیز مشهود است بررسی موقعیت واقعی پارک‌های شهری با روش تحلیل شبکه در محیط GIS رویکردی هدایت شده، بهینه و روشی عملی در فهم و مدیریت فضای پارک‌های شهری است. زیرا که شعاع دسترسی جزو مهمترین فاکتورها در برنامه ریزی شهری به شمار می‌آید.

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