دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 23 2 2012 08 22 Investigation of geometric alterations of Gezel Ozan River considering Geomorphologic and Geologic parameters بررسی تغییرات شکل هندسی رودخانه قزل اوزن با تاکید بر عوامل ژئومورفولوژیک و زمین شناسی 1 14 18541 FA محمدحسین رضائی مقدم استاد ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران محمدرضا ثروتی دانشیار ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران صیاد اصغری سراسکانرود دانشجوی دکتری ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 Extended abstract 1- Introduction River as a dynamic system can change its location and morphological characteristics based on time, geomorphologic, geological, hydrological and sometimes due to human intervention. By exact examining and identifying of these factors can obtained correct behavior of river and realized its natural reactions and possible changes. Thus the goal of this paper is reviews the role of geomorphologic and geologic factors on the geometry of the river bed and showing cause of curvature in the interval of plain and mountain. In this research, the study area is Qezel Owzan River in 47º48َ to 48 º 27َ N and 37 º 12َ to 37 º25َ E. high Length of river and its pass from erodible and Marn formation has been caused increasing River sediment load and also the formation of bed geometry is indifferent at various intervals. 2- Methodology In this research to extract river path satellite images of Land Sat 7/ETM+ in 2007 have been used by Indices of WI, NDVI, False color images, Convert Tsldkap and single band which finally the middle infrared band 5 and False color images (7-4-2) was realized as the beast combination for extraction of river path. To separate the mountain and plain intervals, the study path was divided into three periods. In this paper for studying effective factors on river geometry applied criteria such as the width\depth ratio, Entrenchment, longitudinal slop, river power, Sinuosity, central angle of meanders, plan view and Bed River lithology. For Numerical determining these parameters, satellite images, and topographic maps with the scale 1:250000, cross sections taken along the rivers and their margins, extracted River longitudinal profiles from digital elevation model (DEM) have been applied. The geological maps were prepared in all three intervals with scale 1:100000 including Miyaneh, Ardebil and Hashtchin maps. 3- Discussion The studying River channel Lithology indicated that formation on the sides of the river in range of floodplain has very high instability. In the mountain interval due to very strong lithology, river bed is relatively stable. The indices of Sinuosity, central angle of meanders indicated that the average wavelength in the first interval is more than the second and third intervals. This is due to migration of meanderings rings and high power of placement the bed river in the alluvial and loose bedding. In the first interval Entrenchment was very low and ratio of width to depth was very high and variable. Pattern of the river was the artery. Second interval, Entrenchment is more in compared to other intervals and width/depth is less and pattern of the river is a single channel. The third range is between tow mentioned states and its pattern is meandering to artery. Comparing river hydraulic power and Cutting strength of the rock mountain of Qezel Ozan indicated that river hasn’t capability of Narrow, rocky valley. 4- Conclusion Result of this search showed that high length of river, passing from Marl formation and erodibility caused geometry of river in plain interval influenced by lithology of bed and Lateral erosion and Power River have main role in meandering of river that bed is Multi branches due to decrease slop and power river. While in the mountainous range tectonic is important and bed geometry was affected by tectonic parameters already designed and pattern of river path will follow from this factors. River path is single cannel due to geological formation resistance. رودخانه به عنوان سیستمی پویا، مکان و خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی خود را همواره بر حسب زمان، عوامل ژئومورفیک، زمین شناختی، هیدرولوژیکی و گاه در اثر دخالت بشر تغییر می‌دهد. رودخانه قزل اوزن یکی از مهمترین رودخانه‌های ایران است که شکل گیری هندسه بستر در بازه‌های مختلف با یکدیگر تفاوت فاحشی دارد. این رودخانه تحت تاثیر عوامل مختلفی نظیر زمین شناسی منطقه، خصوصیات تشکیلات آبرفتی، مشخصات هیدرولوژیکی حوضه بالادست آن، سازه‌های موجود در آن و شرایط هیدرولیکی جریان، دارای رفتار مورفولوژیکی پویایی است. هدف این مقاله بررسی نقش عوامل ژئومورفیک و زمین‌شناختی بر شکل هندسه رودخانه و نشان دادن علت خمیدگی بستر در بازه دشتی و بازه کوهستانی است . از معیارهای نسبت پهنا به عمق، ضریب بریدگی، شیب طولی، توان رود، ضریب خمیدگی، زاویه مرکزی پیچان‌ها، شکل پلان و لیتولوژی بستر رودخانه برای بررسی شکل هندسی رودخانه استفاده شده است. جهت تعیین کمی پارامترهای فوق از تصاویر ماهواره ای لندست 7 سنجنده ETM+ ، نقشه‌های توپوگرافی (1:25000)، مقاطع عرضی برداشت شده در طول مسیر رودخانه و حاشیه آنها، نیمرخ طولی رودخانه مستخرج از مدل رقومی ارتفاعی ( DEM ) استفاده شد. نتیجه این تحقیق نشان داد که طول زیاد رودخانه و عبور از تشکیلات مارنی و فرسایش پذیر، باعث شده که هندسه رودخانه در بازه دشتی شدیداً تحت تاثیر لیتولوژی بستر شکل بگیرد و فرسایش کناری و توان رودخانه نقش عمده در پیچان رودی رودخانه داشته باشد. در بازه کوهستانی مسائل زمین ساختی حائز اهمیت است و هندسه بستر تحت تاثیر پارامترهای زمین ساختی از قبل طراحی شده است و الگوی مسیر رودخانه از این عوامل تبعیت می‌کند.

https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18541_01d576d6ecb78fe877265ca58b0f4fb0.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 23 2 2012 08 22 Synoptic analysis of Ilam dust storms (1987 - 2005) تحلیل همدید طوفان های گرد و غبار ایلام (1987 - 2005) 15 34 18542 FA جواد خوشحال دستجردی دانشگاه اصفهان، دانشکذه جغرافیا، گروه جغرافیای طبیعی اصفهان سید حجت موسوی دانشگاه اصفهان عبدالرضا کاشکی دانشگاه اصفهان Journal Article 2016 06 14 Extended abstract 1- Introduction Dust storms, one type of dust event, are in most cases the result of turbulent winds, including convective haboobs, which raise large quantities of dust from desert surfaces and reduce visibility to less than 1 km. This dust reaches concentrations in excess of 6000 mg m3 in severe events. The major dust source regions are areas of arid and hyper-arid, with mean annual rainfalls of less than 100 mm. The temporal and spatial investigation of dust storms shows the interference of various factors in their occurrence and expansion. These factors is divided into two groups; environmental and human parameters. The climatic (such as low rainfalls, high evaporation, intense wind, drought and atmospheric general circulation) and geological (for example lithology such as Quarts, Clay, Silicate and feldspar), factors are natural parameters, and factors such as over grassing and crop production, wastage of vegetation, increasing growth of population, battle and political problems are human parameters. Much of the current interest in dust storms relates to their possible role in the systems and subsystems of Earth. Dust loadings may affect air temperatures through the absorption and scattering of solar radiation, may affect cloud formation, and convectional activity, influence sulphur and carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere, and influence geo-chemistry cycle, soil evolution and desertification. Dust storms are one of the destructive climatic phenomena which are affected by various climatic elements such as pressure, precipitation, wind, temperature and evaporation. These phenomena impose much damages to human health, industrial and agricultural installation, population centers and communication ways. The recognition of source regions, creation and expansion style of dust storms and their relation with atmospheric circulation patterns are fundamental factors in reduction of their damages. In recent decades, trend of dust storms has increased in Iran, specially west and southwest areas. This factor is raised the necessity of dust study in these areas more than before. The aims of this study are the recognition and assessment of atmospheric circulation patterns transferring dust storms, expansion style and their temporal frequency using cluster analyses of 19-year data (from 1987 to 2005) in Ilam region. Therefore, hypotheses and questions of the study have concentrated on the investigation of transferring systems of dust and the description of their temporal and spatial distribution. 2- Methodology In this study, environmental and circulatory databases were used to be analyzed the synoptic systems of Ilam dust days. At first, the number of dust days was determined using climatic data of Ilam station in a 19-year period (from 1987/01/01 to 2005/12/31). Then, their circulation patterns were identified and plotted. Ilam Dust days are included 259 days that among them year 2000 with 38 days has maximum frequency, and year 1998 with 4 days has minimum frequency. Monthly maximum and minimum frequency of Ilam dust days belong to July (52 days) and December (one day) respectively. The circulatory database includes sea level pressure, 500-hPa geopotential height, wind direction, omega, temperature, pressure gradient. The geographical territory of database is 0 to 70o latitude and 0 to 80o longitude. Finally, the database was formed as a 6940*1 matrix in MatLab software. Then, a Paygany cluster analysis was performed using the Vard integrated method and the Euclidean distance on matrix to determine circulation patterns. Finally, for the study area, total and fractionated denderogram was drawn in MatLab software. According to dendrogram fractionation method, data variance, homogeneous groups and compare mean test, dendrogram was cut in 4 and 5 levels. Also, the circulation patterns of extreme dust days (visibility 100 meters and less) was identified and plotted in the study area. 3- Discussion The obtained results of cluster analysis upon pressure data in Ilam represent five circulation patterns for sea level pressure and four circulation patterns for the 500-hPa geopotential height. In 5-level, the dendrogram of SLP patterns is divided into five clusters, in which 3 and 4 patterns belong to cold period, and 1, 2 and 5 patterns belong to warm period (Fig. 4-9). Furthermore, In 4-level the dendrogram of the 500-hPa geopotential height patterns is divided into four clusters, in which 2 and 3 patterns belong to warm period, and 1and 4 patterns belong to cold period (Fig. 10-14). According to horizontal visibility index of 100 meters and less, two days was realized for extreme dust days in study area. These days are 1999/7/22 (1378/4/31) and 2000/7/17 (1379/ 4/27). Their circulation patterns have been presented in figures (15) to (23). 4- Conclusion In recent decades, the global effectiveness of dust storms has become increasingly apparent, so that, major advances have occurred in sources, transport paths and their many impacts both on humans and the environment, their frequency at different time scales. The study of circulation patterns transferring dust in west Iran has abundant importance. For example, Ilam region isn’t a source of dust because of natural characteristics such as mountainous areas, high rainfalls and dense vegetation. But, dust storms of this region are non-local. This region is the transport route of climatic systems into Iran, and accepts the most effectiveness from these systems. According to source regions of Iran dust storms which are hyper-arid lands of Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Syria and North Africa, this study is a connective step between large scale circulation patterns and temporal and spatial activities of dust storms in west and southwest Iran. Therefore, principal hypotheses have concentrated on synoptic circulation patterns in lower and meddle atmosphere creating and transporting dust in Ilam and temporal distribution and their frequency. The most important results are as following: 1- In sea level, Gang’s low pressure in warm season which its major core is located on India, Pakistan and Persian Gulf, in cold season Siberia and Black Sea high pressures and their integrated tongue in north Iran, and Sudan’s low pressure are the most important systems creating and transporting dust in study area. 2- in 500-hPa, Mediterranean high trough which is integrated with Red Sea high trough in cold period and is weakened in warm period, also, Azores sub tropical high altitude which is oscillated between north Iran and south Saudi Arabia in cold and warm period respectively, are the most important systems. 3- In the extreme dust days, the domination of Persian Gulf and Pakistan low pressures in the south and west of Iran, existence of trough on Mediterranean Sea with the formation of anticyclone secondary cell in Iran cause the maximum dust transportation to the study region. 4- Wind vector patterns in sea level show western and northwestern winds which have a high intensity. Also, omega patterns in sea level indicate ascending vertical motions in the West of Iran and East of Iraq, with maximum reduction 0.4 p/s. It is possible, systems which cause rainfall, can lead to occurrence and transportation of dust storms to the study area due to the lack of moisture. It is probably which increasing trend of dust days in Ilam be the consequence of frequency increase of circulation patterns, drought and desertification. The latest hypotheses have the more probability than previous one. طوفان‌های گردوغبار علاوه بر اینکه عامل مهمی در هدر رفت خاک، خسارات اقتصادی به بخش‌های صنعتی، کشاورزی و شریان‌های ارتباطی در اکثر مناطق ایران خصوصاً غرب و جنوبغرب محسوب می‌گردد، می‌تواند باعث تهدید حیات انسان‌ هم از نظر سلامتی و هم تولید مواد غذایی باشد. بنابراین، هدف از این پژوهش شناخت و بررسی الگوهای گردشی اتمسفری ایجاد کننده گردوغبار به ایلام در بازه زمانی ۱۹ ساله (از ۱/۱/۱۹۸۷ تا ۳۱/۱۲/۲۰۰۵) است. بدین منظور، ابتدا با شناسایی تعداد روزهای گردوغبار ایلام، پایگاه داده‌های محیطی تشکیل و داده‌های فشار تراز دریا، ارتفاع ژئوپتانسیل سطح ۵۰۰ هکتوپاسکال، جهت باد، سرعت قائم، دما، شیو فشار و گردوغبار جهت تشکیل پایگاه داده‌های گردشی تعیین گردید. سپس یک تحلیل خوشه‌ای پایگانی با روش ادغام وارد و فاصله اقلیدسی بر روی ماتریس داده‌ها به منظور تعیین الگوهای گردشی صورت گرفت که برای روزهای گردوغباری ایلام، پنج الگوی گردشی برای فشار تراز دریا و چهار الگوی گردشی برای ارتفاع ژئوپتانسیل تراز ۵۰۰ هکتوپاسکال شناسایی گردید. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که غالباً سامانه‌های موّجد بارش به دلیل فقدان رطوبت عامل ایجاد و انتقال طوفان‌های گردوغبار به منطقه مطالعاتی هستند. همچنین کم‌فشار سودان و کم‌فشار گنگ در سطح زمین و فرود بلند مدیترانه، فرود دریای سرخ و پرارتفاع جنب حاره آزور در سطوح میانی جو مهم‌ترین سامانه‌های همدید تاثیرگذار و انتقال گردوغبار به غرب ایران و منطقه مطالعاتی هستند. در روزهای فرین گردوغبار حاکمیت کم‌فشارهای پاکستان و خلیج فارس در جنوب و غرب کشور و وجود ناوه‌ای بر روی مدیترانه همراه با تشکیل سلول ثانویه ٔ واچرخندی در ایران باعث انتقال حداکثر گردوغبار به منطقه شده است. همچنین الگوهای بردار باد تراز دریا نشان دهنده جریانات غربی و شمالغربی با شدت زیاد بوده و سرعت قائم تراز دریا نیز حرکات عمودی صعودی در غرب ایران و شرق عراق با حداکثر کاهش ۴/۰ پاسکال بر ثانیه را نشان می‌دهد.

https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18542_9720c28abda5ef3991e3be03481d7e50.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 23 2 2012 08 22 Accuracy and Correctness Assessment of Geomorphologic Indices by Geodynamic Data (Case Study: Jajroud Catchment Basin, NW Tehran) ارزیابی دقت و صحت شاخص های ژئومورفولوژیکی با استفاده از داده های ژئودینامیکی( مطالعه موردی : حوضه آبریز جاجرود در شمال شرق تهران ) 35 52 18544 FA محمد حسین رامشت استاد ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران هایده آراء دانشجوی دکتری ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران سیاوش شایان استادیار ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران مجتبی یمانی دانشیار ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 Extended abstract 1- Introduction Earth is a dynamic system that changes and evolutions are among its adherent characteristics (Ramesht & et al., 2002: 30). Almost during of a few recent thousand years, any regions on the earth’s surface are affected byneo-tectonic activities. In fact, today neo-tectonic is changing the earth's surface (Wallace, 1977). Neo-tectonic activity deals with studying the active processes and effective dynamic that are building the earth and landscapes (Keller and Pinnter, 2002: 80). Therefore, using geomorphologic indices of neotectonic activities, studying tectonic activities will be accomplish within a short time and also are usable for more accurate researches in the future. Geomorphologic indicesareuseful tools for assessment of neo-tectonic activities, because of using these indices, identify the areas, with fast or slow neo-tectonic activities in the past (Ramirez and Herrera, 1998: 317). These indicators are used for studying the active tectonics particularly.Geomorphologic indicators in the study of neo-tectonic activities was used by Bull and McFadden (1977) for first time and followed by other researchers such as Rockwell et al (1985); Wells et al.(1988); Silva et al ( 2003); Guarnieri& Pirrotta (2008). In Iran , Khayam and Mokhtari (2003); Madady & et al(2003); Vahdati Daneshmand & et al (2005); Gorabi and Nohegar (2006); Yamani et al (2007); Maghsodi and Kamrani (2007); Karami (2008); Bayati Khatibi (2008); Rameshat et al (2008); Roustaei et al (2008); Seif and Khosravi (2009) used these indices for determining the neo-tectonic activities. Major or minor active fault systems, several alluvial terraces in the margin of Jajroud River and its sub- branches, waterfalls, widening or narrowing bed channels, changing in flood channel and longitude and width of river profiles indicate that neo-tectonic is active in these regions. Thus, due to the importance of fully evaluating the tectonic activities, especially the young and contemporary tectonic movements and their hazards such as non equilibrium slopes, the present study was designed to determine the neo-tectonic activities in Jajroud Basin in the NE Tehran province (Iran). Further, has been tried for innovating in the methodology, judge about the neotectonic activities in their case study area based on results of calculating and measuring these indices and geodynamic data. 2- Methodology In order to achieve the goals of this research, documentary information, 1:50000 topographic maps (5 sheets) and 1:100000 geological map of Tehran province (in order to drawing the region's fault layers), Palsar radar images (for producing of DEM) and geodynamics data of permanent stations of Jajroud basin have been the important research tools. For the analysis of neo-tectonic activities in the case study area, have been used such geomorphologic indices as Drainage Basin Asymmetry Factor, the Ratio of Valley-Floor width to Valley Height, Basin Shape Factor, Transverse Topographic Symmetric, Hypsometric Integral, River Sinuosity IndexandStream Length-Gradient index. Arc GIS software was used to digitize the topographic mapsand drawing of river networks for calculating these indices, also in order to measure the Stream Length- Gradient Index, have been draw the longitudinal Jajroud river profile using DEM (derived from the Pulsar radar satellite images). GPS observations of the permanent station of Jajroud basin in distinctive time span (from 2006 until 2010) were analyzed by the GAMIT- GLOBK software on daily basis. Then the analyzed times series for the E, N, H elements were drawn. The Basis method of this research is the analysis subsequent of geomorphologic indices and confirmation of them by the analysis of time series obtained from the GPS observations data of the permanent station in the case study catchment. 3– Discussion Results of the calculation of geomorphologic indices Drainage basin asymmetry factor: Based on the results of drainage basin measurements, in the equation; Af=100(212.73/696.830=29.11, we can say that the drainage basin is of active neotectonic movements and the east side of the basin is more active than its west side. Lengths of the runoffs in the east side are longer than of in the west side, which is the result of the tilting towards the west of the basin (western bank of the river). Ratio of valley–floor width to the valley height: 15 longitudinal cross-sections and calculated the VF indices using 1:50000 topographic maps for each cross-section have been draw. Regarding the mean values obtained in the upper, middle and lower sections of river, was concluded that tectonic activities with more than activity in the apex of the basin compare in lower parts and outlet .Uplifts are more in the upper parts and the valleys are narrower, showing that Mosha-Fasham Fault is active in these parts of the basin. Basin shape factor: the extended shape and high value of the basin shape factor that is about 1/22 show that this basin is very active in terms of neo-tectonic activities. Transverse topographic symmetric: 8 cross-sections on the basin have been determined and were calculated their values, as 0.33 on average. This value shows the activation of neo- tectonic in the basin and river is eroding. Hypsometric integral: Hypsometric integral of the basin shows that it is in its young stage. The curves in non-dimensional curving show the domination of neotectonic activities over erosion activities in the study catchment basin, meanwhile the concave in non-dimensional curving shows that erosion activities are active in the basin. River sinuosity index: The value of this index is S= 6.4/3.4 = 1.35. Stream length- gradient index: For evaluation of this index in the basin area, have been used a 100 m DEM and were calculated its value in 100 m distances. The obtained value was 0.16 to 48.63. The maximum values were for the 1600 and 1800 m, and the lowest value was for the 3400 m high. By referring the geologic map of the basin, were found that the longitudinal gradient of the river has a close relation to the lithologic situations of the basin and its faults activities. Behavioral analysis of the permanent station of Garmabdar's GPS records: In this research, were considered and analyzed the GPS records of Garmabdar geodynamic station in Jajroud basin based on 5 years records (2006 to 2010) in order to determine earth crust deformations, and the main faults of the region movements and also to evaluate the results obtained from the indices calculations. All of the recorded data of the GPS station were processed based on the daily records and the time series were calculated for the three trajectories of E (east-west), N (north – south) and H (for height). The calculations showed that the speed of changes in relation to the Eurasia plate in Garmabdar station for the N-S trajectory is 10.86 mm/ year and0.61 mm /year for the E-W trajectory. According to these changes, it was concluded that the direction of changes in the basin is towards the NE, which can be related to the seduction of oceanic crust of the Caspian sea beneath the north of Iran (Elbruz), which have a considerable role in the crustal movements of the earth and motivation of the main faults of the region .These activities probe tectonic active movements of the study area, correspondingly. 4– Conclusion The geomorphologic indicators are very important in the assessment of neo-tectonic activities, since using these indicators, were easily identified the areas that have experienced fast or slow tectonic activities. The Jajroud basin with two major fault systems, including Masha-Fasham and North of Tehran faults, is one of these active regions. All of the major or minor active fault systems, several alluvial terraces in the margins of Jajroud River and its sub- branches, waterfalls, widening or narrowing of the bed channel, changing in flood channel and in the longitude and widthwise river profiles show that the region is active one. The results of shape analysis in this research also showed that the region is an active area for neotectonic movements, but values of activities are not the same in all parts of it; the upper parts are more active than the other parts (table 1). On the other hand, sinuous changes in the height direction, and linear changes in both the E-W and N-S directions in the time series resulted from the GPS station data in Garmabdar show the northward changes in the study area, and approve faults activities and active tectonic movements in the region, too. Table 1: Results of the assessment of geomorphic indices of active tectonic in Jajoud catchment basin (Source: Authors) Index Symbol Quantitative description Qualitative description Drainage basin asymmetry factor Af 29/11 Active Ratio of valley – floor width to valley height Vf 0/69 Active Basin shape factor Bs 1/22 Active Transverse topographic symmetric T 0/33 Active Hypsometric integral HC - Young stage River sinuosity index S 1/35 Active Stream length- gradient index SL 0/16-48/63 Active حوضه آبریز جاجرود به عنوان یکی از حوضه‌های کوهستانی کشور در شمال شرق استان تهران واقع شده است. وجود دو سیستم گسلی اصلی مشاء – فشم به طول تقریبی ۱۷۰ کیلومتر و گسل شمال تهران به طول ۷۵ کیلومتر و گسل‌های فرعی متعدد، نشان دهنده ظهور پدیده‌های مهم زمین ساختی در این منطقه است. بنابراین، هدف از این پژوهش بررسی وضعیت نو زمین‌ساخت در این حوضه با استفاده از شاخص‌های ژئومورفولوژیکی و ارزیابی صحت و دقت نتایج حاصل از این شاخص‌ها با استفاده از داده‌های ژئودینامیکی است. برای دستیابی به این هدف از هفت شاخص ژئومورفولوژیکی: عدم تقارن حوضه زهکشی ( AF )، نسبت پهنای کف دره به ارتفاع دره ( VF )، شکل حوضه ( Bs )، تقارن توپوگرافی عرضی ( T )، منحنی هیپسومتری حوضه ( Hc )، پیچ و خم رود ( S ) و گرادیان طولی رود ( SL ) و همچنین داده‌های ژئودینامیکی ایستگاه دائمی GPS حوضه، به عنوان ابزارهای اصلی پژوهش بهره گرفته شده است. داده‌های مورد استفاده در ارزیابی شاخص‌های ژئومورفولوژیکی، نقشه‌های توپوگرافی، نقشه‌های زمین‌شناسی و تصاویر راداری بوده و در تحلیل داده‌ها و تهیه نقشه‌های مربوطه از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی و نرم افزار9.3 ArcGis استفاده شده است، داده‌های ژئودینامیکی حوضه نیز از بانک مشاهدات ایستگاه‌های دائمی GPS اداره کل نقشه برداری زمینی سازمان نقشه برداری ایران تهیه و با استفاده از نرم افزار GLOBK پردازش شد. نتایج حاصل از شاخص‌های ژئومورفولوژیکی و داده‌های ژئودینامیکی حاکی از آن است که حوضه مورد مطالعه این پژوهش از نظر نو زمین‌ساختی فعال، اما میزان فعالیت حرکات نو زمین ساخت در همه جا یکسان نبوده و مناطق بالادست حوضه از این لحاظ فعال‌تر است.

https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18544_21a5dbbf09d65d5b47b568d5ffd3c7c7.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 23 2 2012 08 22 Determining and Analysis the Development levels and Degree of Townships in Hormozgan Province تحلیل تطبیقی سطح و میزان توسعه یافتگی اجتماعی شهرستان‌های استان هرمزگان 53 68 18546 FA مسعود تقوایی استاد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران محمد صبوری دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 Extended Abstract 1- Introduction: The main goal of regional planning in different countries is reaching to develop and decrease regional imbalance and achieving to sustainable development. First pace to solve the problem of regional imbalances is knows the ranking of regions in case of development in various fields such as economic, fundamental communication, social, cultural, medical and education and so on. Knowing the levels of townships development of Hormozgan Province as one of deprived region in Iran is the goal of this article for planning and leading necessary facilities to invest and decrease the imbalances. This article tries to rank the townships of Hormozgan Province in case of development degrees using factor analysis and 38 values of educational, cultural, fundamental and communicational degrees and tries to study them in equal groups in order to future planning and removing imbalances and organizing suitable space for scientific basic. The main hypotheses of this article are: 1. there is any imbalance and different disharmonic development between townships of Hormozgan province in case various indicators. 2. Most of the townships are in levels of less development and deprived. 3. Eastern townships are more deprived and less development than Western ones. 4. Development in province is poor and Bandar Abbas as the center of this Province has the most social facilities and services. 2- Methodology According to the subject and components, this article is a combination of documentary-analytic and causal method. Statistical social of this article is all of 11 townships in the Province. In this article, after classification and information analysis, using statistical methods, factor analysis, cluster analysis lead to determine the development levels and degree of townships in the Province. First, with explanation of factor analysis technique and using SPSS.16 software, indices of studied subjects decrease to 5 factors and were showed as combination of factors. Then according to the results, and using cluster analysis, ranking the townships of Hormozgan province in equal and similar groups in case of development levels was done 3- Discussion The result lessens 38 indices to 5 factors that finally cover 90.04 percent of variance. In other words, these 5 factors have been caused 90% differentiating place points. First factor: this factor called as an educational one. The value of this factor is 20/6 that individually can computes and explains the 51/7 percent of variance and in this factor there are 23 indices that have the most effectiveness among these 5 factors. Second factor: This factor can individually explains 12/94 of all variance and the value of this factor is 5/17. It was called cultural factor. Third factor: this factor is about 11/7 percent of variance and explains the different among places and the values of it is 4/406. It is communicational factor. Fourth factor: this factor explains 7/8 percent of variance and has the value of 3/15. It was called rural medical facilities. Fifth factor: this factor explains 6/3 of variance and has the value of 2/53. It was welfare factor. By comparison development levels, have been understood that Abomousa with score of 2/812 and jask with score of -3/79 are up and down in this level and it shows that there is a disharmonic and imbalance among townships. This result confirms our first hypotheses. Among these 11 townships, Abo Mousa, Parsian and Bandar Abbass with 39% of province population are more developed and Bastak, Lengeh and Haji Abad with 17% of province population are mid-developed and Khamir, roudan and Qeshm with 18% of province population are less developed and Minab and Jask with 24% of province population are deprived townships. This confirms second hypotheses. Minab and Jask with maximum of deprived degree are in the east of the province and as with going to the east the level of development lessen and this confirms third hypotheses. Bandar abbas as center of the province has 36% of province population and has score 2/731 that is in high level of development that confirms the fourth hypotheses. By affecting natural, economical, social and political factors, development in this province is imbalance and polar. Less suitable investment in eastern, western and northern places of the province has been caused some disharmonic and imbalances. 4- Conclusion The results of this article showed that the development levels are imbalance and among the townships in Hormozgan, there is disharmonic in case of development level and degree and these differences are seen in different parts such as education, medical, culture, communication and welfare. Abo Mousa, Parsian and Bandar Abbas are more developed and Bastak, Lengeh and Haji Abad are mid-developed and Khamir, Roudan and Qeshm are less developed and Minab and Jask are deprived. Techniques of this article can cause the enrichment of current and organize the levels of developments in this Province. هدف اصلی برنامه ریزی منطقه‌ای در کشورهای مختلف تحقق توسعه و کاهش نابرابریهای منطقه‌ای و نیل به توسعه پایدار است. گام نخست درحل مسائل ناشی ازعدم تعادل‌های منطقه‌ای شناخت وسطح بندی مناطق از نظربرخورداری در زمینه‌های گوناگون اقتصادی، زیربنایی، ارتباطات، اجتماعی، فرهنگی، بهداشتی، درمانی، آموزشی، وغیره است. لازمه برنامه‌ریزی منطقه‌ای، شناسایی جایگاه مناطق نسبت به یکدیگر به لحاظ توسعه است. این تحقیق تلاش دارد با بهره گیری از روش‌های اسنادی، تحلیلی و علی و با استفاده از روش تحلیل عاملی، با بکاربردن ۳۸ شاخص آموزشی، بهداشتی و درمانی، فرهنگی، زیر بنایی و ارتباطی شهرستان‌های استان هرمزگان را از لحاظ میزان توسعه یافتگی رتبه بندی نماید. در این مقاله ابتدا ضمن تشریح تکنیک تحلیل عاملی و با استفاده از نرم افزار spss. ۱۶ شاخص‌های مورد مطالعه به ۵ عامل تقلیل یافته و به صورت ترکیبی در عوامل معنی دار ارائه گردیده است. سپس بر اساس نتایج حاصله (امتیازات عاملی) با بکار گیری روش تحلیل خوشه‌ای، سطح بندی شهرستان‌های استان هرمزگان در گروه‌های همگن و مشابه به لحاظ میزان توسعه یافتگی هر یک از آن‌ها صورت پذیرفته است. نتایج حاصله از این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که پراکنش سطوح توسعه نامتعادل بوده وبین شهرستان‌های استان هرمزگان ازنظرتوسعه یافتگی ناهماهنگی دیده می‌شود و این تفاوت وپراکندگی دربخشهای مختلف آموزشی، بهداشت و درمان، فرهنگی، ارتباطات و رفاهی وزیربنایی وجود دارد. به طوری که شهرستان‌های ابوموسی، پارسیان، بندرعباس توسعه یافته و شهرستان‌های بستک، لنگه، حاجی آباد در حال توسعه و شهرستان‌های خمیر، رودان، قشم کمترتوسعه یافته و شهرستانهای جاسک و میناب در سطح محروم هستند. راهکارهای این تحقیق می‌تواند در بهینه سازی وضع موجود و ساماندهی سطوح توسعه در این استان مؤثر باشد.

https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18546_bf5945ff226cf9946f165e27140b853b.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 23 2 2012 08 22 Analyzing Geotourism of Khas-e- Tarash Cave by Pralong method تحلیل ژئوتوریستی غار خاصه تراش با استفاده از روش پرالانگ 69 86 18545 FA فاطمه سبک‌خیز دانشجوی دکتری ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران سیدحسن حجازی استادیار زمین شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی خوراسگان، خوراسگان، ایران محسن مقدسین استادیار نقشه برداری، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 Extended abstract 1- Introduction The khas-e Tarash cave is one of the caves of the Isfahan region that can considers as a Geo-touristic area. This cave is a limestone cave and based on speleology is located in vadose area. This cave is located near khas-e Tarash village, about 55 Km away from the city of Isfahan. Studying formation of cave is very important in speleological studies. Tectonic is the main factor of khas-e Tarash cave forming. Its architecture is based on backup process which caused widening, cutting of rock blocks and gaps that redound to form the passages and halls. According to the cave classifications, this cave is an irregular fissure network cave. 2- Methodology In this study, for identification of the khas-e Tarash cave was used field studies, Lab and digital methods. During these studies the tectonic map of the cave was prepared. For determining mineralogy of cave, imaging electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic absorption (AAS) methods were used. The results identified aragonite layers from calcite (figure 1). The Pralong uses to evaluate scientific, economic and cultural Matrix of the four indicators. This model is for assessing the tourism potential of the four aspects of a geomorphological Landforms deals (appearance beauty, scientific, cultural - historical and society - economic). In this method, applies the specific criteria for determining the value of every aspect of the geomorphologic features of tourism. Figure 1- pictures by scanning electron microscope (SEM), 1. Gypsum bladedminerals & 2. Needle Aragonite 3- Discussion Results of geology studies classified the cave as a limestone cave which located in Vados area. Formation of this cave provides a tourist attraction. It formed by two factors tectonic and solution. Tectonic as a primary factor formed the fractures and joints in stones, then in the next step solution of rocks along extension and gaps redound to unique passage and halls. According to the cave classification, this cave is network and irregular fissure network. Speleological varieties of along the passages and halls are another tourist attraction of the cave. These varieties are in wide range of carbonate (aragonite, calcite), evaporated minerals (Gypsume, Halite &Thenardite) and in some cases deposits with silica combination. After chemical combination appointing, speleothems named based on morphology and Palmer method. Most of the carbonate speleothems of the cave are observable in forms of stalagmites,stalactites, pillars, popcorns, helictite, anthodites,globulites, flowstone, drapery, rimstone pool, crasts, and needles with dispersal and different frequencies. Variety of Gypsumecrystal's types is one of the rare phenomena of the cave. Few types of different Gypsume morphology are rhomboidral’s Gypsume, prismatic’s Gypsume, subhedral’s Gypsume in few morphologies, angel hair Gypsume, amorphous, very tiny crystals outspread in soil which can be observed spread and make all over the wall, on the floor and roof in the halls and defiles. Traits of this landform are assessed by Pralongmethod, which prepared in papers as a geomorphologic landform identity. Thus after preparing recommended formulas, marking tables organized and related coefficient calculated *Social- economical value 0.5, cultural-historical value 0.5, scientific value 0.92, beauty valuation 0.75 in total come to 0.64 which is a good mark. At the end the mark of assessment of statistic summery for tourism values and productivity concerning gained marks were organized in the table by Pralongmethod, then the mark of related landform 0.64 assessed as a good degree (figure 2). Figure 2. Statistic of assessment for tourism values landform productivity Of geomorphology for the area of the study by Pralong method. 4- Conclusion In this research, have been used prolong method for marking and coefficient evaluation tourism of the khas-e Tarash cave which consists of based on four indicators of the method, the value of social-economic, cultural-historical, scientific value in matrix evaluation resulted in: based on obtained marks and beauty valuation, the cave obtained 0.64 that this point is comparable with UNESCO's standards for geo-tourism cave. محوطه‌های ژئوتوریستی ازجمله کانونهای جاذب گردشگری است که آمایش آن‌ها می‌تواند بخش عمده‌ای از آموزش‌های صحرائی علاقمندان حوزه‌های طبیعت گردی را پاسخ گو باشد. غار خاصه تراش ازجمله سامانه هائی است که می‌تواند در محدوده شهرستان اصفهان تکمیل کننده مجموعه آثار ارزشمند طبیعی و فرهنگی محسوب شود. خاصه تراش یک نوع غار آهکی است و از نظر مکانی در منطقه ودوز قرار گرفته، در نزدیکی روستای خاصه تراش و در فاصله ۵۵ کیلومتری از شهر اصفهان واقع شده است. عامل ایجاد و ژنز این غار از جمله موضوعات جذاب علاقمندان به غار‌شناسی است. از تکتونیک باید به عنوان عامل اصلی در تشکیل غار یاد نمود و پردازش‌های بعدی و یا معماری آن معطوف به فرآیند انحلال است. چنین مکانیسمی منجر به تشکیل گذرگاه‌ها و تالارهای متعدد گردیده است که در نوع خود منحصربفرد است. مطابق دسته بندی انواع غار‌ها، این غار از نوع شبکه‌ای نامنظم است. در ارزیابی به روش پرالانگ، پدیده فوق از نظر ارزش اجتماعی رقم؛ ۰. ۵ ، ازنظرفرهنگی تاریخی رقم؛ 7. 0 ، ازنظر علمی رقم؛ 92. 0 واز نظر زیبا‌شناختی رقم؛ 75. 0 را احراز و این بدین معنی است که در مجموع رتبه خوب رابه خود اختصاص می‌دهد. با توجه رقوم بدست آمده مطلوبیت‌های لازم منطقه برای ایجاد امکانات تفریحی- توریستی احراز شده تلقی می‌شود و می‌توان با تدارک یک سامانه ژئوتوریستی و وجود سامانه‌های دیگر که در مجاورت این محدوده قرار دارد، ایجاد یک ژئوپارک با استاندارهای سازمان یونسکو را در صدر برنامه‌های آمایشی منطقه قرار داد.

https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18545_c7760769751f884690861c695d4667b8.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 23 2 2012 08 22 Climatic Regionalization of Markazi Province: An Application of Factor and Cluster Analysis پهنه بندی اقلیمی استان مرکزی با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی-خوشه ای 87 100 18543 FA محمود خسروی دانشیار اقلیم شناسی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران محسن آرمش کارشناس ارشد اقلیم شناسی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 Extended abstract: 1- Introduction The climatic classificationfrom the distant past has attracted the attention of climatologists. In traditional methods one or more climatic elements considered for classification but these methods cannot indicates the reality of climatic regions. Therefore in the recent years researchers have tried using the dominant parameters affecting climate and multivariate methods have provided a real images from climatic regions. The aim of this study is climatic regionalization of Markazi province by utilizing 29 climatic parameters and use the factor and cluster analysis. Combined use of these parameters in the climatic classification can improves accuracy and shows a real aspect of province. Recognition of microclimates can help us to identify the strengths and weaknesses of regions climatic characteristics and useful for development planning proposes. 2- Methodology The 29 climate variables from 21 synoptic stations from province and adjacent areas were used. By using the statistics of adjacent stations, accuracy and resolutions of factors and climatic zones were increased. The statistical data were normalized and also, due to different scales of data, the standard scores were used in analysis. The factor analysis and clustering method were applied for classification. After estimation of stations factor loading scores, by using of IDW method, 5*5km nodes were created, using these nodes instead stations in classification improved the accuracy of climatic classification. Eventually by calculation of factor scores in stations, a cluster analysis was applied. For interpolation purpose the kriging methods in GIS were used. 2-1- Factor analysis The factor analysis as multivariate statistical methods can reduce the number of variables. The advantage of this method is that not only reduces the number of variables, but also keeps the variance of main data. If the internal correlation between variables is much closer, the number of emerged factors is to be less. 2-2- Cluster analysis In this method, the grouping of observations based on their distances, this means that observations have short distances classified in one cluster. The aim of clustering method is construction some group that the within group variance less than between group variance. The distance method usually applied for two or multi criteria clustering. In this method, Euclidean geometry was used for distances measuring of members. According to Euclidean distance between spatial and temporal points, the distance matrices to be created that based on these matrix distances, determined the spatial and temporal cluster. 3- Argument The factor analysis over variables was showed that the 6 components explained about 90% of region climatic behaviors. The factors with regards to weight of them over the variables are named. These principle components are; Dust-coldness, precipitation, Cloudiness-humid, Thermal, precipitation- coldness and Cloudiness - Thunder. The dust-coldness factor has its maximum weights over Arak region. In south west of province, the precipitation factor were dominate and the cloudiness-humid factor active over the north of province. The thermal factor was affected over Arak and some of southeastern regions of province. Precipitation- coldness factor in Tafresh and north of province and finally Cloudiness- Thunder factor dominated over North West and Taftresh area. The cluster analysis over these 6 factors confirmed 7 climatic regions in Markazi province. These regions are: The temperate and semi-dust; Dusty and semi humid; Warm and semi arid; Dusty Semi cold and semi humid; Temperate and dusty semi arid; Semi arid Temperate; Cold and dusty semi arid; Semi cold and humid thunder. 4- Conclusion In the studied area despite the homogenous synoptic systems Because of vitiate geographic factors such as elevation, topographic orientation; latitude and etc, the role of synoptic systems are overshadowed. These caused numerous microclimates in the region. The results of factor analysis shown that climate of region affected by 6 components. These principle components are; Dust-coldness, precipitation, Cloudiness-humid, Thermal, precipitation- coldness and Coldness – Thunder. These components explained about 90% of region climatic behavior. Cluster analysis shown 7 different climatic regions. The factor-cluster analysis technique is found advantageous over many of traditional methods, as it produces richer regions and shows clear climate variations within this province. طبقه بندی اقلیمی نواحی جغرافیایی از گذشته‌های دور اذهان اقلیم‌شناسان را به خود مشغول کرده است، استفاده از چند پارامتر اقلیمی در روش‌های سنتی به تنهایی نمی‌تواند گویای واقعیت اقلیم نواحی باشد. بنابراین در سالیان اخیر محققان کوشیده‌اند با استفاده از غالب پارامترهای مؤثر بر اقلیم و روش‌های چند متغیره تصویری واقعی از اقلیم نواحی ارائه دهند. هدف این مقاله پهنه بندی اقلیمی استان مرکزی با روش تحلیل عاملی و خوشه‌ای است. در این روش‌ها غالب عناصر اقلیمی در تعیین نوع آب و هوای منطقه دخالت داده می‌شود. در این پژوهش با استفاده از روش تحلیل عاملی و خوشه‌ای پهنه بندی اقلیمی استان مرکزی صورت گرفت. برای بهبود نتایج طبقه بندی اقلیمی از آمار ایستگاه‌های مجاور تا نیم درجه جغرافیایی فاصله استفاده گردید. برای این امر یک ماتریس ۲۱ در ۲۹ شامل ۲۱ ایستگاه سینوپتیک هوا‌شناسی و ۲۹ متغیر اقلیمی تشکیل شد به علت تفاوت در مقیاس اندازه گیری متغیر‌ها از نمره استاندارد داده‌ها استفاده گردید. بررسی نتایج حاصل از تحلیل عاملی نشان داد که اقلیم منطقه متأثر از ۶ مؤلفه غباری ـ برودتی، بارشی، ابرناکی ـ نمی‌، گرمایی، بارشی ـ سرمایشی و ابرناکی ـ تندری است. مؤلفه‌های یاد شده حدود ۹۰ درصد رفتار آب و هوایی منطقه را تبیین کردند. تحلیل خوشه‌ای بر روی عوامل یاد شده وجود هفت ناحیه آب و هوایی را در منطقه نشان داد. این نواحی عبارتند از: ناحیه معتدل و نیمه مرطوب غباری، گرم و نیمه خشک، نیمه سرد و نیمه مرطوب غباری، معتدل و نیمه خشک غباری، معتدل نیمه خشک، سرد و نیمه خشک غباری و نیمه سرد مرطوب تندری.

https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18543_eb03d64cebec50e9be19c958c55958b3.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 23 2 2012 08 22 Investigation of human population pressure on environment Case study: Masile basin of Kashan بررسی فشار جمعیت انسانی بر محیط زیست مطالعه موردی حوضه مسیله کاشان 101 116 18547 FA سید مرتضی ابطحی دانشجوی دکتری ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران عبداله سیف استادیار ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 Extended abstract 1- Introduction Irregular increasing of population and increasingly needs to food and new resources of energy have been caused unprincipled impermanent utilization of natural resources. A phenomenon their bad conclusion in dry and semi-dry ecosystems is more widespread and irreparable due to its sensitivity and vulnerability. A method to evaluate desertification potential risk has been prepared by FAO/UNEP which considered the natural factors and human activities such as population pressure and grazing intensity. Hence, in this study the desertification severity was determined by the FAO/UNEP method, in addition to population variations from 1956 to 2006 in Kashan basin which is one of the sub basins of salt lake of center of Iran. 2- Methodology Population centers are located in the south, west and northwest of the studied basin and rest of the basin is out of population according to the dry and desert conditions. This population distribution with variations and fluctuations has been caused excess density out of environment capacity in some regions, especially urban areas. So the alterations of Kashan population in 1986, 1966, 1976, 1986, 1996 and 2006 has been alternated 45955, 58468, 84863, 138599, 201372 and 253509 respectively which shows 4000 people increasing per year (Statistical center of Iran). In order to monitor these variations and their effects on environment, indicator of potential status ratio, was used as one of the effective factor for determining desertification rate. Intensity amount is shown in table 1. Ratios less than 1 in any region reflect strong and very strong desertification. According to the reported data from Statistical center of Iran, current potential status of population can be obtained and then can be used to determine the ratio. However, in order to estimate the potential adoption capacity of population, several ways are provided. The newest method in this field was done by USDA (1999) which was used in this study. In this method, depending on the quality of soil and effects of climate, different function levels have been identified for lands. In first stage, by combining properties of soil, climate, temperature and moisture regime and reconstruction ability of the soil, nine quality classes are obtained, which actually indicate the natural quality of the lands. Accordingly, class 9 is the poorest and class1 is the best class in terms of quality. Desired population adoption capacity for each class of quality, which determined in pervious stage, is shown in table 2. Amounts table 2 has been obtained empirically or in experiences. Provided population capacity for each class of land quality in this table is the best current estimation which based on per capita income of individuals and some level, in a way that per capita income less than 1000 dollars indicates low level of sources, from 1000 to 7000 dollars indicates medium level and more than 10000 dollars indicates high level of sources. Regarding to source level and land quality class, potential adoption capacity of population is estimated according to the number of people per hectare. Finally, by the obtained proportion from potential and actual capacities, pressure of human population was estimated and categorized in table 1. Table 1: Investigation of population pressure on environment 3– Discussion Studies on this research shows this fact that during the last 50 years, increasing in population in special regions, mainly in cities, have decreased about 7 % of the area of the regions with a slightly desertification and increased the area of regions with a strong desertification (table 3) Table 3: Area of desertification various degrees Towns Kashan, Aran & Bidgol, Meshkat, Sensen, Abshirin with a slightly desertification in 1986 have converted to strong desertification regions, which obviously show the immigration rate from villages to the city and its bad effects. 4– Conclusion Study of data showed that population pressure, especially in city regions is increasing. One of its main reasons is immigration of villagers to the cities for more earnings. Of the guidelines to cope with increasingly pressure of population on the environment in this area, is to increase amount of source through raising productivity and more earnings. Agriculture is as the main basis for production in the region and its efficiency can be increased by water management. Change of irrigation from submerged to under pressured method, change of crops cultivation from high water need (especially vegetables) to crops with middle to low water need, feeding of ground water table through different ways of aquifer holding and using crop rich varieties are of the water management methods in this area. Proper distribution of well-being, health care, and educational facilities are the other effective guidelines to prevent excess immigrations to the cities. یکی از عوامل اصلی تخریب سرزمین یا بیابان‌زایی، فشارهای انسانی و نوع رابطه ٔ طلبکارانه و یکسویه آدمی با زیست‌بوم است؛ رابطه‌ای که بدون لحاظ خواهش‌های بوم‌شناختی منطقه، صرفاً بر بنیاد رفع نیازهای اجتماعی و مصلحت‌های اقتصادی کوتاه‌مدت جوامع انسانی قوام و دوام یافته است. چنین است که در پژوهش حاضر کوشیده‌ایم تا به عامل جمعیت انسانی و فشار آن بر محیط بپردازیم. فشار جمعیت بر محیط زیست، یکی از مؤلفه‌های کاهنده ٔ کارایی سرزمین و تشدیدکننده‌ بیابان‌زایی است که کیفیت و کمیت آن در زیر حوضه ٔ مسیله کاشان مورد مداقه قرار گرفته است. این حوضه در شرق حوضه آبخیز دریاچه نمک واقع شده است. مراکز جمعیتی در جناح جنوبی، غربی و شمال غربی حوضه مستقر است و مابقی حوضه به دلیل حاکمیت شرایط اقلیمی خشک و بیابانی خالی از سکنه است. این توزیع جمعیتی طی سالیان اخیر تغییرات و نوساناتی را به دنبال داشته و باعث تراکم بیش از حد و توان محیطی بعضی نقاط، بخصوص شهر‌ها شده است. به منظور بررسی روند تغییرات، آمار جوامع انسانی حدفاصل دو مقطع ۱۳۳۵ و ۱۳۸۵ این حوضه، یعنی دیرینه‌ترین و جدید‌ترین آمار موجود به فاصله ۵۰ سال مورد فراکافت (آنالیز) قرار گرفتند. گسترش مساحت مناطق با «بیابان‌زایی شدید» و کاهش مناطق تحت اثر «بیابان‌زایی ناچیز» در شمار مهم‌ترین نتایج حاصل از این مطالعه است. افزون بر آن، بررسی نسبت جمعیت بالقوه به بالفعل، گویای این واقعیت است که ادامه روند تغییرات جمعیت انسانی، می‌تواند گستره ٔ مناطق با بیابان‌زایی بسیار شدید را افزایش دهد. از این رو، بازمهندسی دوباره مدیریت این حوضه در راستای توسعه پایدار - بخصوص مدیریت آب به عنوان حیاتی‌ترین پیراسنجه، چه به لحاظ کمی و چه به لحاظ کیفی - بایستی در صدر برنامه‌ها قرار گیرد.

https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18547_de2fc1b5c5c8b559ab66808d5e9de7b6.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 23 2 2012 08 22 An analysis of Binalood New Town in Terms of Population Absorption بررسی عملکرد شهر جدید بینالود در جذب جمعیت 117 132 18548 FA حمیدرضا وارثی دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران محمد محمدزاده کارشناس ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران مهدی عامل‌بافنده کارشناس ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 Extended abstract 1- Introduction Throughout history, cities have been manifested mankind’s culture and civilization. In this regard, the notion of New Towns, as places with particular purposes, has always existed as well. New Towns are defined as “a new social - humanistic phenomenon are established by the government through the regional administration. The planning and administration of these towns are adapted from the metropolitans. Curbed population concentration and Marginalization in the metropolises, lower transportation costs, the transfer industries from metropolises to New Cities and decentralization are the main objectives of New Towns. In this study, have been seeking to investigate how Binalood is obtaining intended objective, i.e. the absorption of population. 2- Methodology The current study is descriptive - analytical in nature and draw on library and field methods as well as questionnaires to collect data. The samples were collected from statistical population using Simple Random Sampling method. Microsoft Excel and SPSS software were used for analyzing of variables, drawing statistical tables and doing calculations. 3- Discussion To explore the degree of Binalood’s success in attracting population, three hypotheses were analyzed. The results showed that 6.3 % of migrations are for finding better job opportunities. Thus, the first hypothesis was rejected. According to the second hypothesis, residents considered the Binalood as a suitable place for living. The results showed that 35.71 percent of people were content with the current living situation. The second hypothesis was rejected. Yet, the majority of population was made up rural families and due to the frugality of these people, and considering the 38% satisfaction of the respondents, providing the minimum requirements could result in high degree of satisfaction. The third hypothesis held a low expectancy rate in urban area. In order to test this hypothesis, the one sample T-Test was used. According to the results, the hypothesis was confirmed with a 95% insurance level and a significance level of 0/000. 4- Conclusion The following reasons can account for the failure of New City of Binalood in implementation of the intended programs for absorption of population: The predicated population for Mashhad City was not realized. The return of Afghani residents and emigrants of Iran’s war. The accommodation of Mashhad immigrants in the suburbs. Administration and the executive problems in the construction of new city of Binalood. The predicted infrastructure, facilities and services required in the new city of Binalood were not realized. The following suggestions that might contribute to population attraction offered in the below: The provision of the basic needs of the families. The Increase quality and quantity of infrastructure and urban services such as recreation, sport, cultural and medical centers. Creating more job opportunities in the city. در ایران از نیمه اول دهه ۶۰ در جهت کاستن از بار مشکلات جمعیتی کلان شهرهای کشور و در راستای تمرکز زدایی جمعیتی از کلانشهر‌ها قانون احداث شهرهای جدید در سال ۱۳۶۴ ابلاغ و شرکت عمران شهرهای جدید در سال ۱۳۶۸ تأسیس شد و به دنبال آن شرکت‌های تابعِ آن به عنوان مجری احداث شهرهای جدید تاسیس شدند. در راستای این تمرکززدایی دو شهر جدید گلبهار و بینالود نیز در استان خراسان رضوی تاسیس شدند. شهر جدید بینالود در ۵۵ کیلومتری مشهد در زمینی به مساحت ۳۳۰۰ هکتار و به عنوان دومین شهر جدید استان خراسان رضوی در سال ۱۳۷۹ با پیش بینی جمعیت ۱۱۳ هزار نفر بنا گردید. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی میزان موفقیت این شهر در جذب جمعیت بوده و روش مطالعه به صورت کتابخانه‌ای و می‌دانی می‌باشد. نتایج حاصل از پژوهش حاکی از آن است که با گذشت ۱۸ سال از تاسیس این شهر، جمعیت فعلی آن برابر با ۳۶۵۱ نفر می‌باشدکه ۳۶. ۶% از جمعیت پیش بینی شده تا سال ۸۸ را به خود جذب نموده است که نشان دهنده عدم موفقیت شهر در جذب جمعیت می‌باشد. عمده‌ترین عوامل عدم جذب جمعیت این شهر را می‌توان در تغییرنکردن الگوی توسعه شهر مشهد، پدیده حاشیه نشینی در مشهدمشکلات اداری-اجرایی، نبود اشتغال، کمبود تاسیسات زیر بنایی و اولیه جهت اسکان جمعیت جستجو نمود.

https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18548_b77603b3bf4b7d5de1cebd29aa05c135.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 23 2 2012 08 22 The Analytical – comparative investigation of E-Tourism development indicators in Isfahan بررسی تحلیلی- تطبیقی شاخص های توسعه گردشگری الکترونیک در شهر اصفهان 133 150 18540 FA امیر عباس یوسفی دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد برنامه‌ریزی توریسم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی نجف‌آباد، نجف‌آباد، ایران رضا مختاری ملک آبادی استادیار جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران احمد خادم الحسینی استادیار جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی نجف‌آباد، نجف‌آباد، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 Extended Abstract 1- Introduction Tourism in Iran as an industry has very high capacity for growth and development. According to the World Tourism Organization, Iran ranked tenth in archaeological and historical attractions and fifth in natural attractions in the world. In 2008, about 2 million foreign tourists visited Iran, while in this year a total of 842 million tourists have traveled all over the world. According to experts' viewpoints, development of tourism in Iran has not achieved what it deserves. Iranian financiers' ignorance of the current tourism status, weak advertising and false and negative news of Iran are obstacles to the growth of tourism in Iran. So, due to exist problems in the field of tourism in Iran and Isfahan city, itseemsthat e-tourism and development of new forms of tourism can largely overcome the problems in this field and improve the status of Isfahan in terms of tourism potential in the international level. So, this article makes an attempt to study the feasibility of virtual tourism in 14 regions of Isfahan. 2- Methodology This Study is a combination of two technical branches, tourism and information technology (IT). Thus, it examines the impact of IT on tourism in the city of Isfahan to find the practical results of the implementing virtual tourism infrastructure. The predominant method used in this study is analytical method based on statistics and new information. In this method, two questionnaires were used to consider the use of applied models in the feasibility and implementation of virtual tourism (The first one examined indicators of e-citizen in the implementation of virtual tourism and the second one examined the amount of citizen's belief in virtual tourism development). To integrate these indicators, SPSS software, Spearman and Pearson correlation were used. 3- Discussion The main benefits of Virtual Tourism can include: - Easy availability - Ability to pay costs - Accessible to all people - Overcoming environmental - cultural obstacles and limits - Elimination of the intermediary - Elimination of time constraints and geographical boundaries - Variety of forms and services - Achieving sustainable developments (in line with environmental protection, prevention of infections and diseases, reducing damage to ancient monuments and cultural heritage) Other benefits of virtualization can be the following: - Minimizing physical disasters such as fire, the crashes, explosions, bombs and destructive earthquakes. The following were calculated for Isfahan city: - Operational capability of the virtual tourism in Isfahan - The average indicator of e-Citizen On the other hand, the investigation of mean indicator of belief in virtual tourism in 14 regions in Isfahan show that 5.5% of citizensare in the low level, 45.2% are in the average level and 46.2% are in the high level of belief in virtual tourism. 4- Conclusion The results showed that the regions 12 and 2 respectively have the highest and the lowest average of e-citizen indicators among the 14 regions of Isfahan. But the difference between these regions in this case is not very much. It shows that the city of Isfahan indicators is at the intermediate level in terms of the electronic literacy. On the other hand, the examination of the average amount of citizen's belief in virtual tourism in Isfahan shows that regions 5 and6 have the highest average belief to the development of virtual tourism and in the entire city 5.5 percent of citizens are in the low- level, 45.2 percent in the average-level and 46.2 percent in the high-level of believe in virtual tourism. شهر اصفهان علی‌رغم جاذبه‌های متنوع فرهنگی، تاریخی، مذهبی و اکوتوریستی، جایگاه شایسته‌ای در عرصه بین‌المللی از لحاظ درآمدهای حاصل از گردشگری ندارد. بطور کلی آمار‌ها گویای جایگاه نازل صنعت توریسم در کشور و سهم یک درصدی ایران از سبد گردشگری جهانی است؛ که شهر اصفهان نیز از این قائده مستثنی نیست. بنابراین با توجه به جایگاه نامناسب ایران و شهر اصفهان در صنعت گردشگری به نظر می‌رسد توسعه گردشگری مجازی و زیرساختهای وابسته به آن بتواند خلاء موجود را تا حدی جبران نماید. پژوهش حاضر، ترکیبی از دو شاخه تخصصی گردشگری و فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات می‌باشد. روش غالب در این تحقیق، روش تحلیلی- می‌دانی است که با بهره گیری از مدل‌های کاربردی به امکان سنجی و چگونگی تحقق گردشگری مجازی بوسیله تکمیل دو نوع پرسشنامه (اول: بررسی شاخصهای شهروند الکترونیک در راستای تحقق گردشگری مجازی و دوم: بررسی میزان اعتقاد شهروندان به توسعه گردشگری مجازی) می‌پردازد. جهت تلفیق شاخص‌ها از نرم افزار SPSS و روشهای همبستگی استفاده شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان دهنده این مسأله است که مناطق ۱۲ و ۲ به ترتیب دارای بالا‌ترین و پایین‌ترین سطح میانگین شاخصهای شهروند الکترونیک در بین مناطق چهارده گانه هستند. اما اختلاف بین مناطق از این حیث چندان زیاد نیست که این موضوع نشان می‌دهد شهر اصفهان از نظر شاخصهای سطح سواد الکترونیک در سطح متوسط قرار دارد. از طرف دیگر بررسی شاخصهای میانگین میزان اعتقاد به گردشگری مجازی نشان می‌دهد مناطق ۵ و ۶ بالا‌ترین میانگین اعتقاد به توسعه گردشگری مجازی را دارند و در کل شهر ۵/۵ درصد شهروندان در سطح پایین، 2/45 در سطح متوسط و 2/46 درصد در سطح بالای اعتقاد به گردشگری مجازی قرار دارند.

https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18540_8871c1f17e08aa86a02fa5badf40a60f.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 23 2 2012 08 22 Functional Analysis of Economical Role of Small Towns on Rural Development Case study: Zahedshahr in Fasa Shibkouh district تحلیلی کارکردی از نقش اقتصادی شهرهای کوچک در توسعه روستایی مطالعه موردی؛ زاهدشهر در بخش شیبکوه فسا 151 172 18549 FA عیسی ابراهیم‌زاده دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری و منطقه‌ای، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران نجمه طیبی کارشناس ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران یوسف شفیعی کارشناس ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 Extended Abstract 1- Introduction Today, given the overcrowded cities and their consequences, and the high costs of new town constructions in Iran, their incomplete success, and supporting satellite cities which in turn, leads to centralization and more pressure on the metropolises in long term (Sarabi & Eskandarisani, 2007: 166). Creation of small towns is a good way for decentralization, countrywide development, and supporting a regular rural-urban network (Izadi, 2001: 147). Small rural towns play an influential role in reducing rural-urban immigration and provide balanced distribution of population, facilities, and capitals, by creating off-farm jobs and providing required services (Rokn aldin Eftekhari & Izadi, 2002, 53). Today this approach is being discussed as Urban Function in Rural Development (UFRD) that links the creation of small towns in functional link with rural areas (Sarafi, 2000: 130). By paying attention to small towns, cities problems such as housing shortage, unemployment, traffic, etc can be solvable, which is caused by lack of attention to their function, to some extent will diminish (Jowkar, 2007: 3). Zahedshahr as a small town in Fars province with a 20-year history of urbanization and having natural, human, economical and social trait is suffering from partial underdevelopment and deprivation. Though after 17 years of its conversion to the capital of Shirkouh district some extent of expansion in facilities, business, transport and services has been made. Traditional parts are in transition and coexistence with new functions, relatively low movements of rural economy and region and lack of attention to its internal capacities, largely has limited Zahedshahr’s rural area possibilities of positive changes. Recognizing urban and rural area’s potentials (agricultural, livestock, tourism, etc.) and providing written programs can improve the current situation. Observing existing problems in Shirkouh district, in this study, an effort has been made to present development practical guidelines in this district, using BeaujoGarnier models, location quotient, and Izard model. 2- Theoretical bases The development strategy of small towns as well as the medium-sized ones was being discussed since the 70s. According to the central location theory as the frame of this discussion, cities and towns should be recognized in relation to each other so that the suitable space and functional composition would be guaranteed by the size and position in the urban hierarchy. Later this idea was trimmed by “Rondinelli” as Urban Functional approach in Rural Development (UFRD) and Jonson’ defense of choosing the key rural towns in rural development centers as a series of roles being played by small towns and towns in rural areas was reinterpreted by Rondinelli (Douglass, 1998: 5). Rondinelli & Rodell (1976) discussed that small towns play an essential role in motivating the development in rural areas in developing countries by providing them with merchandise. Indeed, the strategy of small towns is a bottom-up approach; and this is a reaction to discontentment with the bottom-up approaches in the regional planning of developing countries. This approach is rooted in the neoclassical theory; because this approach is arguing that the manufacturing investment should be concentrated on urban industrial centers in order to use foreign savings, labor allocation, and incentive-cumulative processes (Omoja Lawrence, 1987: 67-69). In other word, all the approaches emerged in the 70s and 80s, such as basic needs approach, rural-urban development, the scope of choosed package, accelerated growth approaches, etc., have been emphasized on creating and moving the small towns’ centers in rural areas. Though there are significant differences between different approaches about emphasizing urban centers’ role and improving rural development. Research findings in different regions have been showed that the adequate link between towns and small towns and their sphere of influence enhance, will be able to articulate the settlement systems in these areas and help tointegrate in the national economy. In fact, towns and small towns would be able to act as centers of marketing, services, trading and processing agricultural products, transportation, communications, and exchange and also centers of small-scale industries in order to promot innovation and social interactions (Rondinelli, 1983: 379). Today, though the role of towns and small towns has been identified, in order to comprehensively identify the characteristics and problems of towns and small towns, recognizing the policies essential to their development it is required (George, 1993: 337). 3- Discussion Zahedshahr is located in 53°45'E, and 28°45'N, as the center of Shibkouh district in southeast of Fasa county. It is located in a plain land among two mountains and so caused its linear growth alongside Zahedshahr-Fasa road. This road is passed through the town as its backbone. The Zahedshahr plain’ altitude is more than 1200m. Origination of the town of Zahedshar has been caused by a gradual transformation in a rural settlement to the center of the region; so that it was counted as a rural in census before 1989. Acording to the Population and Housing Census in 2006, Zahedshahr has had a population of 10293 with 2301 household (Iran Census Center, 2006). Shibkouh district with an area of 1004 km2 cover about %24 of Fasa County. This strict is located in the southwest of the Fasa County. It is the second most important district in the county because of its special position; so that as the second town after Fasa, it partially provides the services needed by Shibkouh inhabitants. Being located alongside the Fasa-Jahrom main communicating road has increased its regional importance. Its relatively high population as the captial of Shibkouh district, shows its importance and role in the demographic structure of southwest of the county. One of the basic factor and urban and regional planning studying is to consider the economy of the region under discussion. Zahedshahr acts as the center of providing services in Shibkouh district, which is basically an agricultural region. Apart from its economical hinterland, the attitude towards the city is largely partial and the role of city would be recognized well when it’s being considered as a part of the overall system it belongs. Meanwhile studying the effective and important economic index and indicators is important. Indices such as the employment rate, unemployment rate, sponsorship, transmittancy of active forces in different services, industrial, and agricultural sectors, cost, real estate pricing, income indices as well as, studying the status of regional financial markets, active regional cooperatives, and manufacturing units is also important which has been described for Zahedshahr and its rural area, in the next section. Regarding the fact that Zahedshahr is the capital of Shibkouh district, in which some of office, services, and manufacturing centers are located and Fasa to Miande and Jahrom communicating road is passing through it, it can be the center of population attraction from surrounding areas, and would affect the development of the county as well. 4- Conclusion Developing and motivating the rural economy and agricultural sector is one of the most important and essential role of small towns. Having a special structure and physical fabric, small towns are capable of transmitting and conducting agricultural products from farm to final markets in rural areas. They also would be able to create social-economical developments by transmitting human specialists, innovation, and technology to rural areas. Using Beaujo Garnier model, from overviewing position and situation of overall performance of Zahedshahr in 1996 and 2006, it can be concluded that its overall role was towards providing services in the past 10 years; because following Zahedshar’s conversion to the capital of the district showscentralization of services. However, during 96-06, its location quotient shows lower percent than its reference levels (Fasa county, Fars province, and the country) in agricultural and industrial sectors; but in services the location quotient is higher and more self-sufficient than its hierarchy. This would mean the services being and the agricultural and industrial sectors being the results of Izard analysis model of Zahedshahr shows a parallel growth in number of employed in Zahedshahr economy and the national economy in 96-06. The position of services in area 1 of this model represents that Zahedshahr’s employment growth exceeds in services compared to industrial and agricultural sectors. The position of industrial and agricultural sectors in area 3 of diagram resulting from Izard model, also indicates a decrease in employment growth in this sectors compared to the services in Zahedshahr which has a lower average economical growth compared to national and regional levels. Finally, by investigating the results from analysis of findings, it should be noted that having relatively ideal commercial, educational, administrative, etc. centers, Zahedshahr is known as a market for agricultural products surplus and a place for providing services to the dwellers of the sphere of influence; so that the inhabitants of Shibkouh district, are receiving their daily services from Zahedshahr. Therefore, it’s been concluded that Zahedshahr has relatively functioned appropriate in distributing economical functions in its rural sphere of influence. 5- Suggestions This study’s findings states that the overall role of Zahedshahr was towards providing services, because the slope resulting from the analysis of Izard diagram of Zahedshahr is 1 (an angle of 43°) which represents a parallel growth in number of employed in Zahedshahr economy and the national economy in 96-06. Now if a strategical and planned effort to change employment structure in Zahedshahr isn’t made, the town would becom a consumer and a service center. In this regard, the conversion of the industrial structure of the town by performing industrial-agricultural or livestock-industrial projects can be named. According to weather, appropriate land, and potential manpower from nomads and rural residents, it is also possible to guide the future function of the town towards agricultural development, increase in employment, production rate, and exporting surplus products to other parts of the province or country, in trading or multitasking. Having a special structure and physical fabric, small towns are capable of transmitting and conducting agricultural products from farm to final markets in rural areas; and by transmitting human specialists, innovation, and technology to rural areas, they can also create social-economical developments. Transportations and communications are considered the infrastructures of development in any region. In this regard, communications for surrounding villages should be provided both of telecommunication systems and roads to the city with good quality. Zahedshahr would be able to perform as a motivating center and a driving force for the rural economy in its rural sphere of influence, when it has an efficient and appropriate communication network to play the role of market center for rural productions. Small towns or in other words most of big villages which have been converted to a city in the previous decade, are mainly suffering from lack of supporting services. The existence of supporting services in towns would encourage the agricultural workers to increase their products and prevent putrescible products from being wasted during which the markets are completely saturated. Since Zahedshahr can play the role of developing and equipping rural and agricultural activities, it would need to create and develop the centers for conversion, storage, packing, and distribution and transmitting of products to other regions or countries; so careful consideration to this function is essential in programming. نظر به اینکه تحولات جمعیتی ایران در دهه‌های اخیر، بیش از پیش افزایش تعداد شهرهای کوچک را در پی داشته است؛ این امر عطف توجه به جایگاه و نقش این شهر‌ها در نظام سلسله مراتب شهری کشور از یکسو و کارکردهای اقتصادی آن‌ها در حوزه پیرامونیشان را از سوی دیگر ضروری ساخته است. در این مقاله نقش اقتصادی زاهدشهر به عنوان شهری کوچک، در نواحی روستایی پیرامون خود، با استفاده از مدل‌های ژاکلین بوژوگارنیه و ژرژشاپو، ضریب مکانی و مدل ترسیمی طولی- عرضی ایزارد، مورد پژوهش و تحلیل قرار گرفته است. با توجه به نتایج حاصل از تحلیل مدل‌ها، مشخص شد که این شهر کوچک با دارا بودن مراکز خدماتی نسبتاٌ مطلوب اداری، آموزشی، تجاری و غیره، به عنوان مرکز خرید مازاد تولیدات کشاورزی و محل ارائه خدمات مورد نیاز به ساکنین حوزه نفوذ خود، توانسته نقش موثری را ایفا نماید. در عین حال یافته‌های این تحقیق نشان دهنده آن است که رشد و توسعه شهر کوچک زاهدشهر به طور مستقیم به شرایط اجتماعی و اقتصادی حوزه نفوذ پیرامونی وابسته است و ثبات جمعیت روستایی و تولیدات کشاورزی به واسطه کارآمدی ارایه خدمات در این گونه شهرهای کوچک به حوزه پیرامونیشان، آن‌ها را تحت تاثیر قرار می‌دهند، زیرا چنانکه نتایج حاصل از تحلیل نمودار آیزارد در زاهدشهرنشان دهنده آن است که؛ شیب خط برابر ۱ ( زاویه ۴۳ درجه) بوده و نشان دهنده همسویی روند رشد تعداد شاغلین دراقتصاد این شهر با اقتصاد ملی در دهه ۱۳۷۵-۱۳۸۵ است. همچنین یافته‌های تحقیق نشان دهنده آن است که توسعه اینگونه شهرهای کوچک از سویی وابسته به تمرکززدایی این کارکرد‌ها از نواحی شهری بزرگ و از سوی دیگر وابسته به توسعه حوزه نفوذ روستاییشان با یکپارچه کردن فعالیت‌های غیرزراعی روستایی خواهد بود.

https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18549_2acbb7d86a86190ba75cb099fb80de1b.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 23 2 2012 08 22 The Tourism Potential of Protected Area by Using GIS (Case study: Ghamishloo Wildlife Refuge) سنجش توانمندیهای بوم گردی مناطق حفاظت شده با استفاده از GIS (مطالعه موردی:پناهگاه حیات وحش قمیشلو) 173 188 18539 FA مهین نسترن استادیار جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران شیلا حجه فروش نیا دانشجوی دکتری ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 Extended abstract 1- Introduction The specific aim of this paper is application of GIS and preliminary evaluation results for development of ecotourism in Ghamishloo wildlife refuge in Isfahan province of Iran. Iran and like many other countries has officially recognized the importance, necessity and the role of wildlife refuges for education, research, science development, and tourism. Furthermore these refuges have become very important for the protection and preservation of environment at national and international level. The wildlife refuges with varied natural resources and spatial arrangements contribute to the diversity in the natural environment. The search on recreational potential in ecotourism supports the improvement of the economic and social standard of the native population in a region and helps to preserve the recreational areas. 2- Methodology The key strategies in searching for areas with potential ecotourism capacity, to attract regional and national tourists are: 1) Zoning for visitors’ usage 2) Designing and planning the ecotourism location 3) Creating stable infrastructure design 4) Management and monitoring the impact 5) Logical leadership of in natural friendliness Geographical Information System (GIS) provides a comprehensive tool for implementing the key strategic of evaluating land to use potential ecotourism capacity. GIS technology and tools, facilitate processing information, spatial statistical analysis, and mapping for assessing. In this study, GIS was complemented with SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunity and threats) for the strategic planning and evaluation of local areas for their ecotourism capacity. We drew on databases for wildlife habitat, vegetation cover, soil, and distance to historical locations, water resources, roads, and scenic beauties in the landscape. An analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to assign weights to the criteria was applied. First was created a hierarchical structure in which the goals, standards, choices and the relation between the factors were identified. The next step included the calculation of the weights. Finally has been calculated the scores and measured the e logical consistency of the final decisions. 3- Discussion and Conclusion The GIS and SWOT analysis for Ghamishloo wildlife refuge showed that the historical places layer has the most weight with a suitability rate is 0.07% . The existing of quantitative information in tourism field in different developing countries makes it possible for the specialists to identify the level of underdevelopment of the existing facilities. There are also strong indications for investment in ecotourism which contributes to develop. The GIS could help collect, save, analyze and encode the given the information and support decision makers through powerful analysis. Utilization of the satellite images is one of the major sources of data for GIS. Through this well developed technology and inexpensive access to the data can support monitoring the ecotourism dedicated areas اهمیت و نقش پناهگاه‌های حیات وحش به عنوان بهترین مناطق با مدیریت در ابعاد گوناگون آموزشی، پژوهشی، علمی، تفرجی و گردشگری، تربیت نیروی انسانی و از همه مهمتر حفظ تنوع زیستی، هم در سطح ملی و هم در سطح جهانی در همه کشورها به رسمیت شناخته شده است . پناهگاه حیات وحش و پارک ملی قمیشلو، یکی از مناطق چهارگانه با مدیریت استان اصفهان است که سنجش توانمندی‌های گردشگری آن می‌تواند به تداوم حیات و زیست بوم آن کمک جدی بنماید. هدف از این پژوهش، ارزیابی توان اکوتوریستی (بوم گردی) پناهگاه و پارک ملی قمیشلو با استفاده از مدل SWOT است. در این مدل، نقاط قوت، ضعف، فرصت و تهدید‌ها به عنوان بهترین راهبرد طبیعت گردی محاسبه شده‌اند. همچنین با تهیه پرسشنامه، معیارهایی برای منطقه گردشگری مورد نظر انتخاب و با استفاده از مدل AHP به هر کدام از معیارها وزن داده و با کمک نرم افزارهای سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی( GIS ) به معیارهای انتخاب شده وزن داده شد و نرخ سازگاری محاسبه گردید، بهترین معیار برای گردشگری در منطقه انتخاب گردید و در نتیجه راهبردهای مدیریتی اتخاذ گردید. این پژوهش بر اساس مطالعات گسترده میدانی و پیمایشی صورت گرفته است. یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که این منطقه از لحاظ شرایط آب و هوایی، چشم اندازهای طبیعی، وجود قلعه‌های تاریخی می‌تواند به عنوان یکی از قطب‌های گردشگری استان به شمار آید.

https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18539_db17e76e0469ccdb9c10d94f0fba37cd.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 23 2 2012 08 22 Formation of the Kurdish Regional Government in Iraq and its Influences on the Iran Kurdish Regions آثار تشکیل حکومت ناحیه‌ای کردستان عراق بر نواحی کردنشین ایران 189 206 18550 FA زهرا پیشگاهی‌فرد دانشیار جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران بهرام نصراللهی‌زاده دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیای سیاسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 Extended abstract 1- Introduction Ethnic issues and development have always been one of the most important issues in Iran regarding solidarity and national unity in the past few decades. Due to the impact of foreign developments on the Iranian ethnic groups, and its role on forming and expanding ethnic conflicts and tensions, this issue has pivotal importance. The majority of the Iranian ethnic groups live on/near the official borders and have in common a great deal of culture, language, and religion; hence, influencing and being influenced by each other. The Iranian western and northwestern Kurdish regions are no exceptions. The present study has been investigated a few historical examples of the mutual influenced Iranian Kurdish regions by the neighboring countries. The present study aims to answer this question that what are the influences of Kurdish ethnic developments in Iraq on the Iran’s Kurdish regions? To answer this question the following hypothesis has been taken into account and investigated: “The Kurdish ethnic developments in Iraq have undeniable and increasing influence on the Iranian Kurdish regions politically, culturally, economically, and in the areas of media and communication as well, and has increased the level of Iranian Kurds’ claims.” 2-Methodology With a descriptive-analytical approach, the present article probes into the recent developments in the Kurdish regions of Iraq and their impacts on their Kurdish regions in Iran. It is a library research and the data have been compiled from books, articles, and the Internet. 3-Discussion The occupation of Iraq by the US troops in 2003 led to the downfall of Saddam Hossein and changed political system. Settling a democratic and federal system of government, identifying Kurdish as one of the official languages of Iraq, identifying Kurdish Regional Government (KRG), the active participation of the Kurds in the highest levels of the pyramid of political power in the central government such as presidency, ministry, and so on are merely some of the consequences of the developments in Iraq. Drawing on the current international situation, the support of influential world superpowers particularly the United States, and considering the internal conditions in Iraq, and the opportunities and rights provided by the new Iraqi Constitution, the KRG did its best to institutionalize the achievements and materialize long-hoped ideals and aspirations of the Kurds in Iraq. Therefore various activities are carried out in different fields (publishing books and several journals to reconstruct and develop Kurdish language and culture, holding cultural, artistic, and literary festivals and seminars, commemorating history-making characters, holding elections and establishing democratic institutions and organizations, paying due attention to human rights, freedom of speech and the press, inclination toward pluralism, regional reconstruction, economical development, increasing interaction with international institutions, etc). The formation of KRG led to the revival of Kurdish ethnic nationalism reinforcing Kurdish identity and culture in all Kurdish regions. The vast and various actions of the KRG has attracted the general attention of other Kurdish regions including Iran, hence the government has turned into the center and axis of Kurdish developments and discussions. These developments influence the Kurds of Iran in different ways; which include reinforcing Kurdish identity, changing the traditional slogans of the Kurdish opposition groups and parties within Iran, increasing attention of media and the public opinion to the Kurdish developments in Iraq, bringing up issues such as teaching Kurdish language, promoting Kurdish presence in the pyramid of political power at regional and national stages, freedom of Kurdish press publication, combating regional underdevelopment, and the like. Also, commemorating Kurdish legendary men of letters and personages, accepting Iranian students at the universities of Northern Iraq, inviting artists and musicians along with wide media coverage on satellite TV channels, allowing Kurdish oppositionists to pursue their activities are some other cases that the KRG is carrying out with regard to Iranian Kurds. In spite of the fact that the Kurds in Iran have been largely influenced by the Kurdish developments in Iraq, they have always had their own specific pattern of behavior due to their own specific characteristics such as cultural and racial similarities, historical and cultural affinities with the rest of Iranians (Nowrouz, for example), identifying their Kurdish identity and customs in the Iranian Constitution (Principle 15), and the like. The recent Kurdish developments in Iraq have undoubtedly influenced the Kurds in Iran and have, consequently, increased their political, cultural, and economical demands and aspirations, but have not altered their pattern of behavior i.e. a peaceful coexistence with the rest of Iranians. Moreover, there is not a “divergence” among them the way it exists in Turkey or Iraq. Raising Kurdish demands such as having more presence in the pyramid of power at the local and national levels, paying increasing attention to the Kurdish language and culture, alleviating underdevelopment and economical poverty, and reaching the national level of development are by no means in opposition with the principles of the Iranian Constitution. 4- Conclusion Due to their ethnic, cultural and linguistic affinities as well as a rich and common historical heritage with the rest of Iran, the Kurds in Iran have acted different from Kurds in other regions and countries, although they have been, more or less, influenced by them. The recent developments in Iraq have increased political and cultural demands in Iran but have never led to “divergence” among them. These demands require due attention and serious consideration in a framework of peaceful coexistence with the rest of Iranians. Since the majority of the Kurdish demands are in complete accordance with the Iranian Constitution, the impacts of the Kurdish developments in Iraq likely to be managed appropriately only if they are identified and understood appropriately. تاثیر عوامل خارجی و بیرونی بر مباحث قومی ایران از اوایل قرن بیستم تاکنون از موضوعات مهم حاکمیت و امنیت ملی ایران بوده است. تحولات چند سال اخیر کشور عراق به ویژه تشکیل حکومت ناحیه‌ای کردستان در شمال آن کشور نیز به دلیل مجاورت با نواحی کردنشین ایران و وجود پیوندهای‌های متقابل قومی و فرهنگی بین کردهای دو کشور برای ایران حائز اهمیت است. این تحولات بر نواحی کردنشین ایران تاثیرات گوناگونی داشته است. افزایش توجه به فرهنگ و هویت کردی، تبدیل شدن کردستان عراق به عنوان محور و کانون مباحث کردی، ارتقاء سطح مطالبات سیاسی، فرهنگی و اقتصادی از جمله نمودهای این تأثیرات به شمار می‌روند. کردهای ایران به دلیل تجانس نژادی و تاریخی و همانندی‌های فرهنگی و زبانی و میراث مشترک تاریخی با سایر ایرانیان علیرغم توجه به این تحولات و تأثیر پذیری نسبی از آن‌ها، رفتاری متفاوت با نواحی کردنشین دیگر کشور‌ها از خود بروز می‌دهند. نقش تحولات مذکور در افزایش سطح مطالبات سیاسی، فرهنگی و اقتصادی، به شکل گیری روند «واگرایی» در میان کردهای ایران منجر نشده ودر چاچوب الگوی رفتاری «همزیستی مسالمت آمیز» با دیگر ایرانیان البته با جدیت بیشتر در پیگیری و مطالبه حقوق قانونی خود به ویژه ارتقاء سطح توسعه اجتماعی و اقتصادی و افزایش مشارکت در قدرت سیاسی و اهتمام بیشتر به فرهنگ و هویت کردی و... قابل ارزیابی است. با توجه به انطباق بسیاری از مطالبات مطرح شده با قانون اساسی ایران، تأثیرات تحولات مزبور را می‌توان با درک صحیح این تحولات و اتخاذ تدابیر مناسب یعنی تحقق مطالبات قانونی و مشروع مدیریت نمود.

https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18550_e1f03bb624eb60b0648001983595f4ac.pdf