دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 23 4 2013 02 19 Changes Detection and identification of erosion risk areas of Aji Chay River between Khaje to Vanyar آشکارسازی تغییرات کناری و شناسایی مناطق خطر رودخانه آجی‌چای در محدوده خواجه تا ونیار 1 14 18563 FA محمدحسین رضایی‌مقدم استاد ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران عادل محمدفر کارشناس ارشد ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران خلیل ولیزاده کامران استادیار سنجش از دور، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 Extended abstract 1- Introduction Changes in the human environment in different periods and in different areas it is reasonable by the satellite images, aerial photographs and maps in certain forms are easily done. This is particularly important when the data becomes more critical in areas such as environment, agriculture; Natural resource management and river engineering are used (Pris and etal, 1997, 23). Therefore, in order to discover and detect changes that occur in different regions of the Earth Can ensure that remote sensing technology and satellite images in a sequence-specific forms used (Atood and al. 2005, 8) And their results in the prediction, risk maps, choosing the right strategies to deal with behaviors sudden, More Accurate and more economical operation than to past and successfully implemented projects and structures of organizations and agencies On the rivers for future use. Thus, the geometry changes, the process of depositing and important morphological changes in the organization of the river, flood control, design of linear structures (roads, ...) Hydraulic (bridges, dams, ...) settlements and destruction of agricultural lands on the river and its margins are evaluation of morphological changes part of river Ajy Chay between Khaje to Vanyar, north east of Tabriz 46° 23' 55" to 46° 34' 55" along the eastern and 38° 07' 1" to 38° 08' 40" north latitude Length of approximately 22 km with the aim of identifying risk areas to the lateral erosion investigated. Of studies on the following can be noted: Table 1. Studies on the topic of domestic and foreign Names of authors year Topic Result Javaheri et al 2005 Morphological changes of Karun River Development process is reversed Meander rings. Karami 2007 Effective factors in the erosion of river Saidabad Chay Identify areas with low risk, moderate to severe. Dadrasi sabzevar 2007 Study privacy and deformation of river use Rs &GIS GIS & Rs powerful techniques to study changes. Aswathy et al 2007 Factors Influencing the Sinuosity of Pannagon River India Vegetation and tectonics play a major role. Lofthouse & Rabert 2008 Riffle-Pool Sequences and Meander Morphology Both factors are influential in forming Meander. Matti kummu et al 2008 "Riverbank Change Along The Mekong River. Estimated average lateral erosion. 2- Methodology How it works for this research have been carried out, the first report-required information and report about the range of research and library-based methods and field studies were collected. In the second stage, maps and aerial photos have been scanned, georefrenced, mosaic. In the third stage of the coastline extraction the River For a the time period three (years 1956, 1995 and 2008) Land and water border with digitization in eara gis To calculate the amount of surface erosion and sediment riverbank was done for three periods. To calculate the erosion and sediment to the coasts, along the river intervals of 250 meters, divided in three periods and than linear displacement due to sediment and erosion per meter on year for each period was obtained. At this stage the layer requirements such as erosion, land use, lithology, slope, floodingbed, and road digital and descriptive data were applied to each. Then all the layers due to the influence and reception of each factor over time and toward River erosion rate, converted to raster and weighting was ready. In the final stage of the layers and changes coastal The softwares environment Arc GIS 9.3,Excelwere processed and charts, tables and maps were extracted needed to determine the risk areas. 3- Discussion Displacement of the river using three different data in software Arc GISby comparing the coasts the river in both periods 1956-1995 (39 years) and 1995- 2008 (13 years) was carried out . This study intended to measure changes in linear sides through time and identifies areas where it has been the erosion and sedimentation. Results of the linear by specifying Areas of erosion and sediment delivery and to chart the lateral rate the changes as a function of distance along the coasts (every 250 m) were mapped in the software Excel. Figure. 1. The rates of bank movement (meter on year) as a function of distance along each of the left and right banks between the years 1956 to 1995. Figure. 2.The rates of bank movement (meter on year) as a function of distance along each of the left and right banks between the years 1995 to 2008. Overall the amount deposited in the first period toward erosion in left bank 24 percent has increased and in right bank is approximately equal. Also in the second period, the amount of sediment toward erosion in left bank 43 percent has increased but in right bank 13% decrease show. - Identification ofriskareas Lateral changes in connection with other factors in region such as litho logy, land use, flooding bed, slop, linear structures (road) and residential over the steps to prepare the vector layers, table of data formation, Off-line buffer layers, Values, Raster to vector conversion and weighting of the layers in the software Arc GIS was evaluated and ultimately led to the identification of vulnerable areas, critical and very critical on the riverbank. It should be noted that the Values factors in the region due to the impact and reception of each factors towards time and toward Erosion River. Table 2.Values layers in the region due to the impact and reception of each factors towards time and toward erosion river In the study area weighting Values Distance from linear structures Distance from residential structures Distance from flooding bed slop (Percent) Lateral erosion in year lithology Land use Very critical 4 5-10 meter 50 meter 100 meter 0-9 6 meter high sediments present Agricultural 3 10-40 meter 100 meter 75 meter 9-18 4-6 meter Marl and gypsum salt Sparse pasture critical 2 40-80 meter 150 meter 50 meter 18-27 2-4 meter Marl pasture vulnerable 1 80 meter high 200 meter 25 meter 27 high 0-2 meter Marl&conglomerate Woodlands Table 3. Percentage changes in risk zones along the riverbank between the years 1956 - 1995 and 1995-2008. Very critical critical vulnerable 0 14 9 right banks between the years 1956 to 1995 0 33 15 right banks between the years 1995 to 2008 0 +135 +66 Percentage changes 3 21 19 left banks between the years 1956 to 1995 2 15 9 left banks between the years 1995 to 2008 -3 -29 -53 Percentage changes According to Table number 3 Vulnerable areas and critical right bank In the second period towards the first period shows the 66 and 135 percentage increase and in none of the courses There are no very critical areas . While the vulnerable areas, critical and very critical in the second period towards the first period shows the 53, 29 and 33 percentage decrease. Finally the combination of maps of risk areas in left to right on the bank For both periods 1956-1995 , 1995-2008 was prepared and areas where of vulnerabilities, critical and very critical repeats were identified (Figure. 3 &4). Figure 3. Risk areas map of the right bank during the both period 1956-1995, 1995-2008. Figure 4. Risk areas map of the left bank during the both period 1956-1995, 1995-2008. 4- Conclusion The results of maps and charts show that in both periods right bank of erosion more than left bank and the second term right down the bank deposit and left the bank deposit has increased. Considering that the second term on the right bank more erosion than deposition but also increase the deposition in left bank the erosion can be seen that this phenomenon is due to the high sensitivity right bank to erosion, less shrub cover, accumulation of sediment erosion in the left bank and the relative resistance to against erosion is on the left bank. Cause an increase in vulnerable areas and right bank of the critical in the second period than in the first period and less vulnerable areas, the critical and very the critical left bank in the second period than in the first period can be understood that it was already too much discharge and erosion on the left bank to slip and fall are also effective but with a little discharge due to the uneven impact of the lower left of the bank and the right bank, mostly in left bank sediments have accumulated. But the right bank due to flow in alluvial deposits still contain high erosion potential. Obviously, the results of this research by other professionals can be effective in preventing disaster. In this study, merely the river Lateral changes over time has been and comment on its applications to professional experts in various fields of environmental and engineering. خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی رودخانه به واسطه ویژگی پویای آن همواره دچار تغییر بوده و این تغییرات میتواند به دلیل فرسایش کناری و جابهجایی مرزهای رودخانه هر ساله سطح زیادی از اراضیکشاورزی، نواحیمسکونی و تأسیسات ساحلی را در معرض نابودی و تخریب قرار دهد. از این رو انجام هر گونه تحلیل هیدرولیکی بر روی رودخانه نیازمند دسترسی به مشخصات دقیق مورفولوژیکی به خصوص شکل آن است. بنابراین، در این پژوهش بخشی از رودخانه آجیچای در محدوده خواجه تا ونیار در شمال شرق تبریز به طول حدود 22 کیلومتر با هدف شناسایی مناطق بحرانی نسبت به فرسایش کناری بررسی شده است. بدین منظور مسیر رودخانه و لایههای مورد نیاز از قبیل فرسایش، کاربری، لیتولوژی، شیب، بستر طغیانی و جاده از روی نقشههای زمین‌شناسی، توپوگرافی، عکس های هوایی سال های 1335و 1374 و تصویر ماهواره IRS سنجنده pan در محیط نرم افزار GIS Arc در دو بازه و دو دوره (1335-1374 و 1374-1387) رقومی، ارزش گذاری و وزن دهی گردید و مناطق کناری در خطر فرسایش در سه بخش آسیب پذیر، بحرانی و بسیار بحرانی تعیین شد.

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دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 23 4 2013 02 19 Assessing Development Degree and Ranking Townships of Mazandaran Province by Using Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis سطح‌بندی و سنجش درجه توسعه‌یافتگی شهرستان‌های استان مازندران با استفاده از مدل تحلیل عاملی و تحلیل خوشه‏ ای 15 38 18564 FA مسعود تقوایی استاد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران عیسی بهاری دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 Extended abstract 1- Introduction Regional planning aiming at promoting development and decreasing inequality is considered among important issues in developing countries. Necessary for regional planning is to identify the position of regions toward each other with respect to development. Decreasing inequality in enjoyment of national resources, findings and facilities is one of the basic criteria for development. In addition to growth in all directions, the concept of development involves balanced distribution. The balanced distribution of facilities and services is a step toward removing regional differences and proportionate distribution of population in a region. The Balanced development of geographical spaces requires accurate and comprehensive examination of economical, social and cultural issues, better recognition of society needs and their improvement. Therefore, ranking of regions based on enjoyment of various development indices is of common criteria in regional development. Balanced development of geographical spaces requires investigating economical, social, cultural issues carefully and completely and knowing society needs better and improving them. These are subject to the availability of complete, processed statistical data concerning mentioned regions. The way facilities and services distributed in the regions become apparent through comparatively investigating different economical, social and spatial indexes in different regions in comparison. Indices may reveal the condition of different geographical areas comparatively and they may rank and prioritize these regions in terms of facilities and shortages (Zali, 1379, p.5). Lack of balance in the procedure of development causes creating gap among regions and intensifying regional inequalities, which in turn, is considered as a barrier on the path of development. Therefore, to study socio-economical inequalities among country or province regions is of essential and basic measures in economical growth together with social justice, affecting the allocation of resources with the aim of solving regional inequalities. 2- Methodology Concerning investigated factors, dominant approach in this study is descriptive-analytical and research method is applied-developmental. Research population consists of Mazandaran Province's townships. To collect data, 1386 (2005) statistical calendar of the province and Iranian Statistics Center were made use of. In the current study, every index was calculated for all townships through factor analysis and cluster analysis using SPSS and EXCEL. Then, development levels, inequalities and differences among townships were calculated and analyzed. Furthermore, those development levels were drawn on maps. 3- Discussion To analyze development indices in Mazandaran Province, after converting 105 selected indices to statistical analyzing, 88 statistical indices in 9 main sectors (educational, medical and health, population and human force, logistics and communication, social-administrative and welfare services, fundamental services and facilities, mine and industry, socio-cultural and agricultural) were determined for proper factor analysis and factor analysis technique was done through SPSS. The results of KMO[1], with more than 70% in development indexes, represented that the indexes in all sectors were proper for performing factor analysis and the result of Bartlett¢S Test of Sphericity was significant. For every sector, the stages of factor analysis were separately employed for 16 townships of the Province. Those stages include: 1.preparing standard matrix, 2.calculating correlation coefficients matrix, 3. Extracting factors, 4.Turning factors using Varimax Method, 5.titling factors, 6.calculating factor points, and 7.ranking townships. After passing factor analysis stages for every sector using obtained factor points, composite index was calculated. Then, townships were ranked in every understudy sector, the most deprived and the most enjoyed townships were specified in every sector and factors effective on the depravity and enjoyment were determined. In the next phase, combined index of 9 sectors was summed up, their average was calculated and composite index was obtained for all development indexes. Furthermore, final rank of townships was achieved. Ultimately, according to the below formula, townships were ranked in development indices: +sd=0.740098 +0.185285 - -sd= -0.7394 In the above formula, average is 0.000347 and Standard Deviation 0.739751. Therefore, the townships were categorized to 5 groups or development levels: So enjoyed townships with points higher than 0.740098, including Savadkooh and Ramsar Townships Enjoyed townships with points between 0.185285 and 0.740098, including Babolsar, Noor and Amol Townships Relatively enjoyed townships with points between -0.24965 and -0.185285, including Sari, Chaloos and Babol Townships Deprived townships with points between -0.7394 and -0. 24965, including Juibar, Behshahr, Mahmoodabad, Noshahr, Tonekabon and Ghaemshahr Townships So deprived townships with points lower than -0.7394, including Galoogah and Neka Townships According to extracted points and composite index, using cluster analysis technique, homogeneous groups were determined and the townships were ranked. In the present study, hierarchical cluster analysis was made use of for more applications in geographical studies. 4- Conclusion Findings obtained from factor analysis points in sectors understudy and composite index resulted from their points indicate that there are differences among townships of Mazandaran Province in such a way that the most deprived and the most enjoyed townships has a difference higher than 3.06 points. In 88 indexes understudy, Savadkooh with 1.937 and Neka with -1.124 obtained first and last rank respectively in the composite index and were recognized as the most enjoyed and most deprived townships. Generally speaking, in accordance for factor analysis points and composite index, townships' development levels in 5 levels are as below: So enjoyed level: Savadkooh and Ramsar Townships Enjoyed level: Babolsar, Noor and Amol Townships Relatively enjoyed level: Sari, Chaloos and Babol Townships Deprived level: Juibar, Behshahr, Mahmoodabad, Noshahr, Tonekabon and Ghaemshahr Townships So deprived level: Galoogah and Neka Townships Therefore, Findings showed that 12.5% townships are in so enjoyed level, 18.75% in enjoyed level, 18.75% in relatively enjoyed level, 37.5% in deprived level and 12.5% in so deprived level. Findings indicate that townships' ranks are different in various sectors. In educational, medical and health, mine and industry, fundamental services and facilities, logistics and communications, Savadkooh is considered as the most enjoyed township. In socio-cultural, administrative, social and welfare services, Ramsar, in population and human forces, Noshahr and in agricultural, mahmoodabad are considered as the most deprived townships. Savadkooh in population and human forces, Neka in medical and health, Galoogah in fundamental services and facilities, Mahmoodabad in socio-cultural, Juibar in educational, Chaloos in agricultural and mine and industry, Babol in administrative, social and welfare services and Behshahr in logistics and communication are considered as the most deprived townships in the Province. So, only Savadkooh is the most enjoyed township in more sectors. Ultimately, Savadkooh is the most enjoyed and Neka is the most deprived township (Table 1). This ranking indicates that Mazandaran townships have spatial inequality with respect to development indices. Table 1. The Results of the Most Enjoyed and the Most Deprived Townships in Different Sectors Indexes Most Enjoyed Most Deprived Township Point Township Rank Education Savadkooh 4.34 Juibar -1.53 Medical and Health Savadkooh 4.34 Neka -2.98 Population and Human Forces Noshahr 3.09 Savadkooh -2.23 Logistics and Communications Savadkooh 3.13 Behshahr -2.46 administrative, social and welfare services Ramsar 4.09 Babol -1.93 Fundamental Services and Facilities Savadkooh 2.66 Galoogah -4.01 Mine and Industry Savadkooh 3.76 Chaloos -2.38 Socio-economic Ramsar 3.91 Mahmoodabad -1.86 Agricultural Mahmoodabad 4.63 Chaloos -4.24 (Authors, 2009) Findings of cluster analysis technique reveal that townships are in 5 homogeneous groups. Savadkooh is in the first group and has high points in medical and health, mine and industry, logistics and communications and fundamental services and facilities. The second group consists of Ramsar and Chaloos. The third group includes Amol, Babol, Babolsar, Juibar, Sari, MAhmoodabad and Noor. The fourth group contains Behshahr, Tonekabon, Ghaemshahr, Neka and Noshahr. Furthermore, with lower points in most indices, Galoogah is in the fifth group. This ranking shows that spaces in one rank have much similarity with each other, but have considerable difference with spaces in other ranks [1]- Kaiser- Meyer- Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. برنامه‌ریزی منطقه‌ای با هدف توسعه و کاهش نابرابری از موضوع‌های مهم در کشورهای در حال توسعه محسوب می‌شود، لازمۀ برنامه‌ریزی منطقه‌ای، شناسایی جایگاه مناطق نسبت به یکدیگر از لحاظ توسعه است. کاهش نابرابری در بهره‌مندی از منابع، دست‌آوردها و امکانات جامعه یکی از مهمترین معیارهای توسعه به شمار می‌آید. مفهوم توسعه علاوه بر رشد در همه جهات، توزیع متعادل را نیز در بر می‌گیرد، توزیع متعادل امکانات و خدمات، گامی در جهت از بین بردن تفاوت‌های ناحیه‌ای و پراکندگی متناسب جمعیّت در سطح منطقه است. توسعه متوازن فضاهای جغرافیایی، نیازمند بررسی دقیق و همه جانبه مسایل اقتصادی، اجتماعی، فرهنگی و شناخت نیازهای جامعه و بهبود آنهاست. به همین جهت از جمله معیارهای معمول در برنامه‌ریزی منطقه‌ای، سطح‌بندی نواحی بر اساس برخورداری از شاخص‌های مختلف توسعه است. در پژوهش حاضر سعی شده با بهره‌گیری از دو تکنیک تحلیل عاملی و تحلیل خوشه‌ای و استفاده از 88 شاخص توسعه در زمینه‌های (اقتصادی، اجتماعی، آموزشی، بهداشتی و درمانی، کشاورزی و ... ) به تعیین و تحلیل سطوح توسعه شهرستان‌های استان مازندران پرداخته شود. رویکرد حاکم بر این پژوهش توصیفی، تحلیلی و از نوع کاربردی – توسعه‌ای است. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که بین شهرستان‌های استان به لحاظ شاخص‌های توسعه اختلاف وجود دارد و نتیجه به کارگیری تکنیک تحلیل عاملی، شهرستان‌ها را در 5 سطح بسیار برخوردار، برخوردار، نسبتاً برخوردار، محروم و بسیار محروم قرار داده که شهرستان‌های سوادکوه و رامسر به ترتیب با امتیاز 93/1 و 83/0 در سطح بسیار برخوردار و شهرستان‌های نکاء و گلوگاه به ترتیب با امتیاز 12/1- و 85/0- در سطح بسیار محروم واقع شده‌اند. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که 5/12 درصد شهرستان‌ها در سطح بسیار برخوردار، 75/18درصد درسطح برخوردار، 75/18درصد در سطح نسبتاً برخوردار، 5/37 درصد در سطح محروم و 5/12درصد در سطح بسیار محروم قرار گرفته‌اند. با استفاده از تکنیک تحلیل خوشه‌ای و ترسیم نمودار دندروگرام، شهرستان‌های استان در 5 گروه همگن طبقه‌بندی شده‌اند.

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دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 23 4 2013 02 19 Mapping Landslide Hazard Zonation in Great Karoon Aquifer Basin by Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model in Geographic Information System (GIS) Environment نقشه پهنه‌بندی خطر زمین لغزش در حوضه آبخیز کارون بزرگ با استفاده از مدل AHP درمحیط GIS 39 56 18565 FA مجتبی یمانی دانشیار ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران سیروس حسن‌پور دانشجوی دکتری ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران ابوالفضل مصطفایی کارشناس ارشد سنجش از دور، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران مجید شادمان‌رودپشتی کارشناس ارشد سنجش از دور، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 Extended abstract 1- Introduction We have done this research in order to study frequency and transmissivity on big and widespread landslides in Great Karoon aquifer basin due to establish Great Karoon no 1,2,3 damsPurpose of this research is mapping landslide hazard zonation in Conformity with the new area activities and changes after: 1. Dams establishment, 2. land cover changing due to irrigation, drainage, river branches and irrigation canals. 3. Topography change of the zone due to harvest, moving huge amounts of soil and excavation process. In this research after considering previous researches and library studies we have found out 8 effective factors as essential items in occurring landslides: slope, altitude, rainfall, and distance from road, distance from fault, and distance from drainage basin, land cover and petrology. Then we made information layers of these factors by using Arc GIS9.3 softwares in GIS environment .after it we allocated classes' weight of every factor by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. We made ultimate map by compounding the different layers, and then categorized it in 4 classes; extremely hazardous, fully hazardous, middle hazardous and less hazardous. The extremely hazardous zones are affected by area geology conditions and it's known as main factor in the landslide transmissivity, and other effective items are: the slope between 5% to 30% , the drainage more than 1250 mm, the height between 500to 2000 m and the distance from drainage basin between 0 to 4 km. Most of the extremely hazardous zones are pastures and plains that villagers and immigrant tribes use them and their water for grazing live stocks and especially for water cultivation in the slope zones. Eventually we came to this conclusion that AHP method is more accurate and better than other methods because it contains more variables and principled classifications without any experts' direct ideas. Landslides are vitally important and we know them as worldwide disasters, owing to cause gigantic compensations. Final goal of every mass process is mapping zonation and categorizing hazardous zones in to different scales for reducing any possible damage. Nowadays there are many different ways for earth mass processing movement. In regards to establishment of Great Karoon no1, 2, 3 dams, the frequency and transmissivity on big and widespread landslides in aquifer basin of Great Karoon are 219 times during 20 months (according to reports of Geology Organization 387, 68) Purpose of carrying out this research is mapping landslide hazard zonation in conformity with produced changes after:1. Dams establishment2land cover changing due to irrigation, drainage ,river branches and irrigation canals.3.Topography change of the zone due to harvest and moving huge amounts of soil .In this research we have applied the AHP method i.e. a method in according to expertise judgment. Framework of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was based on pair comparison. Generally in this method at first we use oral judgments (experts' opinion) for assigning different parameters and changing them to quantitative scales. We made a matrix for parameters and scored them (σ), and then we multiplied every score to every class’s weighting coefficient and they added to each other, finally this model was obtained: M is sensitivity parameter). We made ultimate map by compounding the different layers, and then categorized it in 4 classes; extremely hazardous, fully hazardous, middle hazardous and less hazardous. Land cover of the extremely hazardous and fully hazardous zones is often pastures and jungles. the road factor has obtained more weight and in happening landslides it's more effective when the roads are placed in high slope and high altitude (height). As final conclusion we can say that in comparison with other methods the AHP method is superior and more accurate, due to having more variables and principled classifications without involving the experts' directs ideas (by using the obtained weights of pair comparison parameters in standard matrix. این تحقیق به موضوع فراوانی و پراکنش زمین لغزشهای بزرگ و وسیع پس از احداث سدهای بزرگ کارون 1 و 2 و 3 در حوضه آبخیز کارون بزرگ میپردازد. با بررسیهای به عمل آمده، عامل اصلی و فراوانی زمین لغزشهای منطقه در احداث سدهای مذکور و تغییرات کاربری اراضی، زه کشی و اضافه شدن انشعابات رودخانهها و کانالهای آبیاری است. از سوی دیگر تغییرات توپوگرافی منطقه به علت جابجایی حجم عظیمی از خاک و سنگ در منطقه به عنوان عاملی دیگر در تشدید زمین لغزشها نقش داشته است. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، بررسی عوامل موثر در زمین لغزشهای منطقه به روش فرایند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی ( AHP ) و تهیه نقشه پهنه‌بندی خطر زمین لغزش نوین حوضه آبخیز کارون بزرگ است. در این تحقیق، ابتدا پس از بررسی ادبیات پژوهش و مطالعات کتابخانهای، 8 عامل شامل: شیب دامنه، ارتفاع از سطح دریا، بارندگی، فاصله از جاده، فاصله از گسل، فاصله از شبکه زه کشی، کاربری اراضی و سنگ شناسی به عنوان عوامل مؤثر در وقوع زمین لغزشهای منطقه تشخیص داده شدند. سپس لایههای اطلاعاتی این عوامل در محیط GIS با استفاده از نرم افزارهای 9,3 Arc GIS تهیه شده و وزن کلاسهای هر کدام از عوامل با روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی ( AHP ) تعیین گردیدند. آنگاه با تلفیق نقشههای لایههای اطلاعاتی در محیط GIS ، اقدام به تهیه نقشه نهایی در 4 کلاس: خیلی پر خطر، پر خطر، با خطر متوسط و کم خطر صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان میدهد که نواحی خیلی پرخطر متأثر از عامل زمین شناسی منطقه به عنوان عامل اصلی(سنگ‌های آهکی، آهک متخلخل، آهک مارنی، مارن آهکی و مارن ) و عوامل تأثیرگذاری همچون، شیب بین 5 تا 30 درصد، بارندگی بیش از 1250میلیمتر، ارتفاع بین 500 تا 2000 متر، فاصله از شبکه زهکشی بین 0 تا 4 کیلومتر عوامل مؤثر در پراکنش زمین لغزشهای منطقه هستند. با مطالعه نقشه نهایی میتوان گفت، نواحی خیلی پرخطر و پرخطر اغلب در مجاورت مراتع و تپه ماهور با حاشیه دامنههای بلند و متوسط ارتفاع در مجاورت روستاها هستند. تغییرات کاربری اراضی و توپوگرافیکی ناشی از احداث سدها و جابجایی خاک در کنار عوامل جانبی همچون، فعالیت دامها و عشایر کوچ رو به منظور دسترسی به مراتع و آب، زراعت آبی در سطوح شیبدار توسط روستاییان کمک فراوانی به تشدید زمین لغزشهای منطقه میکنند. در نتیجه‌گیری نهایی میتوان گفت که روش AHP به دلیل برخورداری از متغیرهای بیشتر و کلاس بندی اصولی و بدون اعمال نظر مستقیم کارشناسان نسبت به روشها دیگر برتر بوده و از دقت بیشتری برخوردار است. از سوی دیگر مطالعات میدانی صورت گرفته، مشاهدات تصاویر ماهواره‌ای ETM+ تأکیدی بر یافته‌های تحقیق است. که دلیل بر مناسب بودن انتخاب مدل ( AHP ) برای این پروژه است.

https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18565_ca1fce4f3bfc139866950af4a3864ea2.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 23 4 2013 02 19 Analyzing spatial-social patterns of rural housing in Qom province and social factors affecting it تحلیل الگوهای فضایی – اجتماعی مساکن روستایی و عوامل مؤثر برآن در استان قم 57 78 18566 FA سید اسکندر صیدایی استادیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران محمدعلی احمدی‌شاپورآبادی دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 Extended abstract 1- Introduction Rural settlements can be studied based on their shape and type, the natural factors such as climate, soil and water, social and cultural factors influencing the texture and morphology and the spatial-social patterns originating from them and even based on the degree of their development. Therefore, in order to plan for sustainable development of rural settlements and for realization of national development goals, it is important to identify and analyze the spatial-social patterns of residence at the context of human settlement. Disorder in the function of spatial system of rural settlements in Qom province along with polarization of the population, activities and services in the metropolitan city of Qom and also lack of adequate attention to the various aspects of rural life can lead to challenges in the development plans of the province. Due to the above requirements, this research intends to study, understand and analyze the spatial and social patterns of rural houses in Qom province. So that in addition to finding natural factors affecting the rural human settlements, developments and changes in the economic and social structure (in this study changing rural areas to cities and economic centers and service deployment and etc.) of rural human settlements in terms of the ways cities are kept, population stabilization and function and morphology of rural houses should be investigated. 2- Methodology The research method is descriptive and analytical and data collection method is field study and documentary.In conducting the study, first existing data on the topic and the region were gathered from the information contained in the books, documents, journals and basic maps and then the required information about the province were prepared through field studies including observations, interviews and referring to the region. Consequently, using computers and GIS software, analysis and combining data layers took place. It should be noted that in this study the information obtained to draw maps were related to the data layers of the last census conducted in 2006. In the first stage, they were analyzed in the Excel software and then they were analyzed in the GIS software. 3- Discussion Findings show that spatial-social patterns of rural housing are due to natural factors (altitude, soil and water resources, springs, canals and wells) as well as human factors (roads, service centers, the way rural community is influenced by the urban community and changes in the social and economic construction) and in some cases, the effect is a combination of several factors. The distribution pattern is largely cluster and linear cluster. In addition, considering the geographical features of Qom province, a kind of spatial relation and settlement hierarchy governs there, in which dichotomy in terms of space (the urban population in the metropolitan city of Qom) and peripheral (rural areas and the rural – urban areas) is clearly evident. So that an imbalance in the spatial structure and population polarization and gradual depletion of rural houses are the challenges and factors of instability and increasing undermining of the rural areas despite the regional power and capabilities. In addition, the findings of this study with regard to social and economic factors such as the social foundations of human geography and proximity to the major city of Qom, creating small cities, existence of animal and agriculture pole, trade and economic areas, linking roads, construction of towns and industrial areas in the establishment and maintenance of activity and sustainability of settlements have different effects in terms of positioning mode and rural human settlements in spatial, social and economic dimensions. However, in this respect, small cities do not have significant effects on retention and recruitment of rural population in comparison to the metropolitan of Qom. 4- Conclusion Spatial-social patterns of rural housing of Qom province are due to natural factors as well as human factors and in some cases, a combination of all these factors. The distribution pattern is largely cluster and linear cluster. Small cities of the province, as artificial agents in attracting the population in rural settlements, do not have significant effects on retention and recruitment of rural population especially in comparison to the metropolitan of Qom. However, influenced by the impact of changes in social - economic structures, rural houses through the relationship between the urban and rural areas and providing economic and social services have undergone changes in the tissue anatomy and morphology of rural houses (as a symbol of how human interact and relate with the surrounding natural environment) and in some way represents the kind of economic activity and social-cultural attitudes of villagers and the development way and use of technology, and ultimately represents the level of income and livelihood of the residents. In other words, there is a mutual relationship between spatial patterns and social patterns originating from the spatial dimensions of rural houses مساکن روستایی نشان دهنده چشم انداز فرهنگی حاصل از تعامل بین انسان و محیط و دارای ارتباط دو سویه بین تحولاتفضایی – کالبدی و تغییرات در ساخت اجتماعی و اقتصادی بوده و متأثر از مجموعه‌ای از عوامل جغرافیایی، طبیعی و اجتماعی- فرهنگی است. از این رو به منظور برنامه‌ریزی توسعه پایدار سکونتگاه‌های روستایی و رسیدن به اهداف قابل تحقق توسعه ملی، شناخت و تحلیل الگوهای فضایی، اجتماعی سکونتی به عنوان بستر استقرار انسان از اهمیت بسیار برخوردار است. به تبع این ضرورت این پژوهش بر آن است تا به مطالعه، شناخت و تحلیل الگوهای استقرار فضایی – اجتماعی مساکن روستایی در استان قم بپردازد. این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی – تحلیلی است و برای جمع‌آوری اطلاعات، ترکیبی از روش‌های اسنادی و میدانی استفاده شده است. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد که الگوهای فضایی – اجتماعی استقرار ناشی از عوامل طبیعی (ناهمواری‌ها، منابع آب و خاک، چشمه، قنات و چاه) و هم چنین عوامل انسانی (راه‌های ارتباطی، تأثیرپذیری جامعه روستایی از شهر و تغییرات در ساخت‌های اجتماعی و اقتصادی) و در مواردی تأثیر ترکیبی چند عامل است. الگوی پراکنش عمدتاً خوشه‌ای و خطی خوشه‌ای است. تحت تأثیر تغییرات در ساخت‌های اجتماعی و اقتصادی دگرگونی در الگوهای اجتماعی (بافت، کالبد و ریخت مساکن روستایی) به وجود آمده و به نوعی نشان دهنده نوع فعالیت در امور اقتصادی و نگرش اجتماعی – فرهنگی و چگونگی تحول در معیشت ساکنان فضاهای روستایی استان است.

https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18566_530c1624b6143ef00517f2f3050f3222.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 23 4 2013 02 19 Geomorphotourism of Kalat Mountain: investigating the correlation between springs and geologic formations ژئومورفوتوریستم کوهستان کلات: بررسی همبستگی میان چشمه‌ها و سازندهای زمین شناسی 79 90 18567 FA ابوالفضل بهنیافر استادیار ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مشهد، مشهد، ایران عادل سپهر استادیار دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران محمدرضا منصوری دانشجوی دکتری اقلیم‌شناسی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 Extended abstract 1- Introduction Geomorphotourism has become an increasingly important and widely discussed sub-sector of the global tourism industry, and despite debate over its definition, it is now broadly accepted that geotourism entails three main criteria. Firstly, geotourism should involve a nature-based element in which its attractions are primarily based in the natural environment and geomorphic features. Secondly, there should be an element of education, learning or appreciation between the geotourist and the attraction. Finally, geotourism should appear to be Environmentally and socio-culturally sustainable, in a way which ‘enhances the natural and cultural resource base of the destination and promotes the viability of the operation’. Geomorphotourism considering the geomorphic landforms of region causes sustainable development in the region. In this research based on geomorphic landforms and springs of Kalat Mountain have been investigated the correlation between these features to analysis geomorphotourism potential of studied area. 2- Methodology 2-1- Study Area The studied area located in Khorasan Razavi, with 3500 km2 area. According to the location of this area in the folded mountain of Kopeh-dagh unit, natural features and geomorphologic landforms of this region including erosional phenomena, karst features have been caused the high geotourism potential for the studied area. The studied region located in 36 25 to 37 19 latitudes and 59 18 to 60 29 longitudes. Figure 1 shows the location of studied area. Fig. 1: the studied areas location From geology view, in higher than 1500 m, the Jurassic formation of lime stone and dolomite are raised. In levels of lower than 1500 m, have been formed the Paleogene sediments, sandstone, shale and gypsum. 2-2- Methodology This research has been done in three steps including geology and springs mapping, land units map preparing, classification and analyzing. To reach the purposes, geology and topography maps, aerial photos, multi-spectral imagery and RS/GIS software were used. To determine geomorphotourism locations, GPS and field operation were applied. The statistical analysis has been done for correlation and regression testing. 3- Results and Discussion The correlation of each geological formation by Pearson test showed that there is a strong and significant correlation (R2=0.8). The analysis indicated that spring density of Shorijeh, Sanganeh, Tirgan and Mozdooran is high. Also the highest discharge concentration is in relation to Tirgan and Mozdooran geology units. Areas with slopes greater than 15% have high potential to emergence geomorphic attractions which cover 66% of south and south west of Kalat region. Based on the findings, southern regions of Kalat Mountain have high potential of geomorphotourism comparison to north regions which located hill geomorphic type. Limestone and dolomite facies of Mozdoran geologic unit include most geomorphic attractions which back to sensitivity degree of this unit to erosion process. Karst and lime stone features have high geomorphotourism potential in the studied area. Ecotourism planning in the study area can be a suitable way to reach sustainable development goals in the region which improve social-economic conditions of the settlements. اساس ژئومورفوتوریسم را پتانسیلهای زمین شناسی و چشم اندازهای ژئومورفولوژی در هر منطقهای برای جذب گردشگر تشکیل داده است. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، بررسی پراکنش چشمهها در سطح شهرستان کلات به عنوان جاذبههای نقطهای واجد ارزش ژئومورفوتوریسم در واحد ارضی هر کدام از سازندهای زمین شناسی است. شهرستان کلات در دامنههای شمالی زون کوهستانی کپه داغ قرار دارد که پوشیده از سازندهای آهکی چین خورده دوره ژوراسیک است. در این مطالعه از روش زمین مختصات جاذبههای زمین شناختی و ژئومورفولوژی استفاده شده است. در ابتدا نقاط مورد نظر توسط GPS شناسایی و نمونه برداری شدند و سپس با کمک تحلیلهای فضایی و منطقهبندی در ArcGIS ، همبستگی میان تمرکز جاذبهها در واحدهای ارضی هر سازند زمین شناسی ارزشیابی گردید. همبستگی بین پراکنش چشمه‌ها و مجموع آبدهی سالانه آنها در واحد ارضی هر کدام از سازندها طبق آزمون پیرسون نشان دهنده همبستگی قوی در بازه معناداری 95% بود ( R2=0.8 ). منطقهبندی فضایی چشمهها در GIS هم نشان داد که ظهور چشمهها بیشترین تمرکز را در سازندهای شوریجه، سنگانه، تیرگان و مزدوران داشته‌اند و همین طور بیشترین آبدهی سالانه چشمهها به ترتیب در سازندهای تیرگان، مزدوران، شوریجه و آبدراز به وقوع پیوسته است. مقایسه نتایج با مشاهدات میدانی هم مشخص کرد که چشمه‌ها و سایر مظاهر ژئومورفوتوریستی در منطقه عموماً بر روی سازندهای آهکی ضخیم لایه همچون سازند مزدوران و تیرگان نمود بیشتری داشته است. چشمه‌ها و آبشارهای واقع در این قلمروها نیز سایت ‌ها ی گردشگری مهمی چون قره‌سو، اورتاکند، زاوین و سینی را به وجود آورده است. در پایان می‌توان گفت که سازندهای آهکی پتانسیل بالاتری را از نظر برخورداری از پدیده‌های ژئومورفوتوریستی همچون چشمه‌ها دارند.

https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18567_67c865effc937d4fdb23649e4e78816b.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 23 4 2013 02 19 An analysis of municipal solid waste management emphasizing on the recovering of waste (Case study: Boukan) تحلیل مدیریت مواد زائد جامد شهری، با تأکید بر بازیافت زباله (مطالعه موردی؛ شهر بوکان) 91 108 18568 FA اصغر ضرابی استاد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران جمال محمدی استادیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران شورش آهنگری کارشناس ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 Extended abstract 1- Introduction Mankind has always paid attention to the management of waste for millennia. In early times, waste wouldn’t cause a problem entering environment because humans’ population was low and lands were abundantly accessible. But cities emerged and population density increased which caused waste to increase per unit area. Consumables increased in number which caused waste to increase and enter environment. Humans must take into consideration the accurate methods of management as well as the engineering and economic principles in order to fight such infections. Although there’re various methods for dumping waste, the recovering of waste is of the utmost importance nowadays because this method not only decreases the amount of waste and prevents further environmental pollution but also saves money, energy and natural resources. The average daily amount of waste made in the city of Boukan is 150 tons. The amount of waste is never separated and is dumped in a hazardous manner. 2- Methodology The method for this applied study is descriptive, analytical and evaluative; and the data is collected from libraries, field studies, and 330 questionnaires conducted utilizing a random sampling method in 3 areas of the city. The city was divided into three parts for data to be analyzed. Then 30 samples of garbage were gathered from homes in each area and were analyzed physically, also hypothesis including two independent variables (the condition and improvement of management), and one dependent variable (the amount of waste decreased) were analyzed using SPSS and inferential statistics (simple linear regression, Pearson's correlation). 3- Discussion The total amount of waste made in the city is 150 tons per day. The waste is mostly consisted of decaying materials which comprises 77.9 per cent of the total waste on the average, and metals comprise a total percentage of 3.1. The amount of waste expected to be made in the city in the next 20 years i.e. 2009 to 2028 was analyzed and estimated an amount of 1296856050 kg taking into consideration the rate of population growth of 1.18. In the city, home waste comprises the most amount of the total waste which consists of food waste and decaying materials (77.9 per cent), and can be used as compost or organic material. About 12.5 per cent of the remaining 22.1 per cent is recoverable. One of the most important actions taken for carrying out the separation and recovering processes of waste is to foster a culture of it. According to the produced results, no necessary and satisfactory actions have been taken yet, as the training received in the decrease of waste; and seminars and training workshops held on the recovering of waste have been evaluated 52.4 % and 69.4 % weak, respectively, also legal prosecution of violating citizens has been weak 60 % weak, but local and national media and also the city's authorities have acted appropriately 17.8 %. Also no actions have been taken to let private sector participate as 49.1 % evaluated this as a weak action. 4- Conclusion In the city, 150 tons waste is made per day, 77.9 per cent of which comprises organic and decaying materials which is estimated an amount of 133 tons. Hence the amount of total waste made initially can be decreased adopting policies, and conducting cultural programs. Therefore carrying out such programs and policies and also launching plans for using compost must be the main priority of respective organization. Also the process of collecting waste and garbage throughout the city is not carried out by a sole manager as various decisions are made in different parts of the city by the authorities. These have caused citizens to participate less in the management and recovering of waste in the city. Hence people must be provided with proper basis in order to participate in the management of urban waste holding training workshops and installing information boards with the result that the plans are launched easily. مدیریت مواد زاید جامد شهری در معنای کلی خود فرایندی چند وجهی است و از مؤلفه‌های متفاوتی برخوردار است. برای شناخت این نوع مدیریت باید مؤلفه‌ها و عناصر (کاهش از مبدأ، تولید، ذخیره و پردازش، جمع آوری، حمل و نقل، بازیافت، دفع و مراقبت‌های بعد از دفع) آن شناخته شوند، تا راه حل علمی برای برون رفت از مشکلات موجود به دست آید. بنابراین، هدف از تحقیق حاضر کمک به بهینه کردن سیستم مدیریت مواد زاید جامد شهر بوکان است . روش پژوهش به صورت توصیفی، تحلیلی و پیمایشی است و روش گرد آ وری اطلاعات به صورت کتابخانه‌ای، میدانی و تکمیل پرسشنامه در 3 ناحیه شهرداری بوده است. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از SPSS و آمار استنباطی (رگرسیون ساده خطی و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون) استفاده شده است. یافته‌های نشان می‌دهد که در شهر بوکان روزانه بیش از 150 تن زباله تولید می‌شود که بیشترین مواد فساد پذیر با 9/77 درصد و کمترین با 3/1 درصد مربوط به فلزات است. 1/22 درصد کل زباله‌ها غیر از مواد فساد پذیر است که حدود 5/12 درصد آن را زباله‌های قابل بازیافت تشکیل می‌دهد. 1/79 درصد پاسخگویان اظهار کرده‌اند که در زباله‌های تولید شده خانگی مواد قابل بازیافت وجود دارد. نتایج حاصل نشان می‌دهد که زمینه حضور مردم در طرح‌ها و برنامه‌های مدیریت مواد زاید جامد فراهم نشده به طوری که 7/49 درصد از سرنوشت زباله‌ها بی اطلاع‌اند. 8/58 درصد از هزینه جمع آوری زباله‌ها اطلاع کافی ندارند. فرهنگ سازی و بهبود زیر ساخت‌های مربوط به بازیافت زباله 7/56 درصد ضعیف بوده است. بنابراین، به طور کلی، مشخص می‌شود که شهرداری بوکان در زمینه مدیریت اصولی مواد زاید جامد، به خصوص بازیافت زباله موفق نبوده است.

https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18568_0246464237d1b748b564a656235ecb97.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 23 4 2013 02 19 Potential Erosion Assessment of Dastkan Region Using SLEMSA Model ارزیابی پتانسیل‌های فرسایشی منطقه دستکن با استفاده از مدل SLEMSA 109 120 18569 FA مژگان انتظاری استادیار ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران رسول شریفی دکتری ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران زهرا ایزدی کارشناس ارشد ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران سمیه السادات شاهزیدی دانشجوی دکتری ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 Extended abstract 1- Introduction In geographical studies, soil is not only considered as a natural resource, but also it is exposed to a corrupted danger called erosion, so it needs study, guarding and control. On one hand, the concept of erosion, from geomorphological point of view, is referred to processes which shape the earth surface, and on the other hand, it is related to the factors of soil guarding. The fact is that different results are derived from evaluating erosion risks through various methods, and quantity and type of soil erosion also vary from one place to another. These quantities would be very useful for planning. First Elwell (1978) applied the SLEMSA Model to assess rates of erosion in Zimbabwe. Her research showed that this strategy is acceptable for the study of soil conservation in the country. After Elwell and Stocking (1984 and 1982), this model was used for assessing erosion in North Africa. Igwe et al (1997) to estimate the potential risk of erosion in South West Nigeria compared the USLE and SLEMSA methodology for mapping erosion and indicated the positive consequences of SLEMSA methodology. Josefine Svorin (2003) examined three models of USLE / RUSLE, SLEMSA, Morgan and Morgan- Finney. Mouinou Igue Attanda (2002) Quality of water erosion in lowland humid Benin using the two models, USLE and SLEMSA assessed and has concluded that the model SLEMSA due to the similarity of the results with the results of projects carried out, fit better with tropical there. Igwe et al (1997) examined the use of models to estimate the potential risk of erosion USLE and SLEMSA in mapping erosion in South West Nigeria have paid. The purpose of this study Dastkan watershed erosion rates, erosion, and identify categories of factors are. 2- Methodology In the first, boundary of the study area was determined, and then through statistical techniques the factors interact in the SLEMSA model were examined. Collecting information and the primary consideration of factors models, and the combination of digital layers, were done. 3– Discussion The SLEMSA model divides the soil erosion environment into four physical systems: crop, climate, soil and topography. Major control variables are then selected for each system on the basis that they should be easily measurable and the dominant factor within each system (Stocking, 1980). These control variables are subsequently combined into three sub-models; the bare soil sub model, topographical sub model, and the crop sub model. The main model is then simply the three sub models multiplied together. The SLEMSA equation is asfollows: Z = K * C * X Where Z = the mean annual soil loss from the land (in tons.ha-1.yr-1) K = Erodibility Factor (in tons.ha-1.yr-1) X = Topographic Factor C = Crop factor 4– Conclusion The present study shows that medium erosion class (5to 40 tonnes per hectare per year) Dastkan watershed is the most of the area. In general we can say the area is low to moderate ability erodible. SLEMSA model for estimating erosion, environmental conditions are examined. These factors in watershed erosion rates in different influence, its role in the model represent different values. In the region, 5 erosion focuses in the north part were observed. Considering influential factors on these regions showed that the main erosion factor at the risk focuses was at first rain energy and the other factors were the ground gradient and plant covering .In addition, soil fatigue capability, which was the main erosion factor in the region, did not play so much role at the risk focuses .The research finding showed that water erosion is the dominant type of erosion in the region and erosion rate of average 1.412 ton per hectare is lower, compared to erosion rate of the country. مفهوم فرسایش از دیدگاه ژئومورفولوژی از یک سو متوجه فرآیندهایی است که به چهره ‌ پردازی سطح زمین مشغول هستند و از سوی دیگر به عواملی که در برابر حفاظت خاک قرار می‌گیرند اشاره دارد. در این پژوهش سعی شده است، نوع فرسایش غالب، نواحی پر خطر نسبت به فرسایش، نرخ فرسایش و مهمترین شاخص‌های تأثیر گذار در بخشی از حوضۀ آبخیز دستکن که در شمال اصفهان و شمال شرق شهرستان میمه و بین طول‌های جغرافیایی"42 , '29 , ْ 51 - "11 , '19 , ْ 51 و عرض‌های جغرافیایی"04 , '28 , ْ 33 - "02 , '38 , ْ 33 واقع شده است، بررسی گردد. برای نیل به این اهداف از اطلاعات کتابخانه‌ای، عکس‌های هوایی و ماهواره‌ای منطقه، آمار و اطلاعات اقلیمی، نقشه‌های توپوگرافی و زمین شناسی و تکنیک‌های GIS و RS و همچنین نرم افزارهای surfre8 و ILWIS استفاده شده و نقشه‌های پایۀ عوامل مورد نیاز برای مدل SLEMSA ، از جمله نقشه هم دما، هم بارش، پوشش گیاهی، زمین شناسی و در نهایت ، نقشه نرخ فرسایش تهیه شده است. در منطقه مورد مطالعه 5 کانون فرسایش در نیمه شمالی منطقه مشاهده می‌شود. بررسی عوامل موثر در این مناطق نشان داده است که اصلی ‌ ترین عامل فرسایش در کانون‌های پر خطر در درجه اول انرژی جنبشی باران بوده و شیب زمین و پوشش گیاهی در درجات بعدی اهمیت قرار دارد. همچنین قابلیت فرسودگی خاک نیز با آن که در وسعت زیادی از منطقه مهمترین عامل موثر در فرسایش بوده ولی در کانون‌های پر خطر نقش چندانی نداشته است. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد، نوع فرسایش غالب در منطقه، فرسایش آبی و نرخ فرسایش با میانگین 412/1 تن در هکتار، نسبت به میانگین نرخ فرسایش در کشور پائین ‌ تر است.

https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18569_248107b36cb2cbda7abe0dadb8665a39.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 23 4 2013 02 19 Flood risk zonation in the farahzad basin (Tehran) using Fuzzy model ارزیابی و پهنه‌بندی خطر رخداد سیلاب در حوضه فرحزاد (تهران) با استفاده از مدل فازی 121 138 18570 FA عزت‌الله قنواتی دانشیار ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران امیر کرم استادیار ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران مرضیه آقاعلیخانی کارشناس ارشد ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 Extended abstract 1- Introduction Flood event is very important in humanities center and urban because they are effective on Capabilities production of runoff in this area and increase the financial and human losses due to its population density and infrastructure. As respects Collection and dispose of runoff from the rainfall in the river stream in fact are safety, public health and utilities and several flood events in Tehran that in some instances are financial losses and damages to human lives indicate necessity integrate study are about flood in the basins upstream of Tehran. So the purpose of this study determines areas with highest flood risk in the Farahzad basin. Basin Farahzad is located in upstream of the city of Tehranand the area is 22.29 km2. It is located in latitude '47 ◦ 35 to '5 ◦ 35 north and longitude '19 ◦ 51 to '21 ◦ 51 east. Considering the fact that phenomena as flooding are affected by many factors that these factors are not certain and exact and these are affecting probabilistic and inconclusive, so a method to Fuzzy model used for the areas in the flood risk. 2- Methodology According to research purposes, data and information layers slope, profile and planimetric curvatures, elevation, drainage density, distance from the river, landforms and land use were assigned as effective parameters to flooding. To prepare the these data and layers are used the Tajrish topography map with scale 1:50000, NI 39-3 number, K551 Series, page 2661I, Tehran geology map with scale 1:100000, Tehran Resource evaluation and land capability map scale with 1:250000, satellite image landsat ETM+ and satellite image IRS-LISS III. To analyze satellite images, according to the capabilities Erdas software used according to the capabilities of this software in image processing and modeling also full adaptation with the ArcGIS software. After providing information’s mentioned above and determining kind of their relation with the flood appoint membership function for each of the parameters. After applying membership function to layers in Arc GIS software, all layers have values between zeros to one, then layers entered to fuzzy model. To perform fuzzy technique, it is necessary to use operators as union, Subscription, Gama, algebraic multiplication and sum. In this research Gama, algebraic multiplication and sum is used. In this study used Gama, algebraic multiplication and sum operators. First algebraic sum and multiplication operators applied to the layers which amount of membership is determined, then to find the final map of flood zonation and to adjust prepared maps according to algebraic sum and multiplication are used Gama 0.9, Gama 0.7 and Gama 0.5 operators, more over because field data was not existed to determine the most appropriate Gama in flood zonation, amount of correlation between primary info layers and Gama final maps are concluded in SPSS software. 3-Discossion Gama 0.7 Map has had the highest correlation with the primary info layers, therefore Gama 0.7 Map chose as the final map of flood zonation which is classified in to five levels according to natural break method. Zones with very high risk of flood are located in downstream parts of the basin. Upstream parts of the basin and ridges are provided zones with low risk. As a matter of fact risk of flood becomes more if we move from the upstream parts of the basin to the downstream or south. Most area of the region is related to the zones with low risk of the flood which has 14.29 square kilometers area and smallest area is related to zones with very high risk of flood (0.78 square kilometers) and high risk (1.37 square kilometers). Valleys with concave slopes have the most effective surfaces to produce flooding zones in the basin. These surfaces mostly have slope between 0 to 20 percent and height between 1600 to 1950 meters and located between 0 to 1300 meters distances from rivers. Drainage density of this area is between 6 to 9. These surfaces mostly are located in the Units valley with mid slope and these are covered with trees and plants. Ridges and crests with concave slopes have the lowest effective surfaces to produce flooding zones in the basin. These surfaces mostly have slop between 40 to 60 percent and height between 2300 to 2650 meters and located between 130 to 260 meters distance from rivers. Drainage density of this area is more between 0 to 3. These surfaces are mostly located in mountainous units with high slop and covered with pastures. 4-Conclusion With considering final maps of flood zonation and along of static development, construction should be stopped in very high and high risk zones, more over it is Recommended to change the place of traditional restaurants located in this area which did not consider river bank to level with 1700 meters elevation which is computed of final map overlaying with topographic map. Results show the capability and efficiency of this model to flood zonation and probable mistakes and differences occurred in other maps is determined in this model which related to various methods of layers of fuzzy production and the kind of Gama operator. The other property of this model is its capability to use in Arc GIS software سیلاب یکی از مخاطراتی است که امروزه بشر با آن مواجه است و هر ساله خسارات مالی و جانی فراوانی را به دنبال دارد. از آنجا که جمع‌آوری و دفع رواناب‌های ناشی از بارندگی در مسیل رودخانه در واقع نوعی اقدامات ایمنی، بهداشتی و رفاهی تلقی می‌شود و نیز رخداد چندین سیلاب در تهران که در برخی موارد با خسارات جانی و مالی همراه بوده است نشان دهنده ضرورت مطالعه جامع در زمینه سیلاب در حوضه‌های بالادست شهر تهران از جمله حوضه فرحزاد است. حوضه فرحزاد یکی از هفت رود دره‌ای است که در بالادست شهر تهران قرار گرفته است و با توجه به شرایط حوضه احتمال رخداد سیلاب در آن وجود دارد. در این پژوهش سعی شده تا نواحی با بیشترین خطر رخداد سیلاب در حوضه فرحزاد با استفاده از مدل فازی تعیین گردد. در این زمینه لایه‌های اطلاعاتی مربوط به شیب، انحنا پروفیل و پلانیمتریک، ارتفاع، تراکم زهکشی، فاصله از آبراهه، لندفرم‌ها و کاربری اراضی مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. در نقشه نهایی پهنه بندی خطر سیلگیری نواحی با خطر بسیار بالا در پایین دست حوضه و منطبق بر دره اصلی فرحزاد هستند. بیشتر مساحت منطقه مربوط به نواحی با خطر بسیار کم با مساحت 29/14 کیلومتر مربع (11/64 درصد) است و کمترین مساحت نیز مربوط به سطوح با خطر بسیار زیاد (78/0 کیلومتر مربع) و زیاد (37/1 کیلومتر مربع) است. اغلب نواحی با خطر سیلگیری بسیار بالا در شیب‌های بین 0-20 درصد و واحد‌های دره‌ای واقع گردیده‌اند. ارتفاع این سطوح اغلب بین 2300-2650 متر است و بیشتر در فاصله 0-130 متری از آبراهه فرحزاد واقع گردیده‌اند. سطح وسیعی از این پهنه‌ها دارای پوشش درختی و درخچه‌ای هستند. پهنه‌های با خطر سیلگیری بالا در اطراف پهنه‌های با خطر سیلگیری بسیار بالا هستند. این نواحی شیب‌های بین 20-40 درصد را شامل می‌شود.

https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18570_597efdd1997cde4b64da7fb3bd73de64.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 23 4 2013 02 19 Evaluation of performance of master plan of Binalood new town (Population, Housing, Employment) ارزیابی میزان تحقق‌پذیری طرح جامع شهر جدید بینالود (جمعیت-اشتغال-مسکن) 139 150 18571 FA حمیدرضا وارثی دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران محمد قنبری دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران حسین پورقیومی کارشناس ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 Extended abstract 1- Introduction As a direct result of migrations rising and population growth, particularly in developing and undeveloped countries, the population of cities was increased. Different results and problems such as density, pollution, unemployment, housing shortage and urban services, have been caused by the fast population growth across the developing countries during last three decades (Atash & Shirazi Beheshtiha, 1998:1). First and foremost, developing of living in cities following with its special problems has necessitated finding some solutions in order to optimize citizen’s life (Zarabi & Ghanbari, 2010: 1). In the majority of historical periods, from the first civilization, new towns have been built across the world (B, Leonard; 1993:23). Construction of new towns in Iran could be surveyed before and after the revolution (Ziari; 2006:412). In this article will be tried to investigate the success degree and performance of new town’s master plan of Binalood. 2- Methodology The descriptive- analytical method has been used in this research. The main aim of this survey is the evaluation of implementation degree of master plan of new town of Binalood. This new town is located 55 Km away of western south of Mashhad and it has been built in order to absorb Mashhad’s extra population. 3- Discussion The master plan of Binalood was approved by the law established the Supreme Council of Architecture, in 2002.2.28 (International magazine of Asian economic; 2009: 7). In follow, implementation of four main factors of this master plan will be evaluated the population, employment, housing and land uses of Binalood new town. 3-1- Evaluation of population implementation degree of town Although, this new town was anticipated to populate from the year 2003 in order to residence, it had not any population till 2005 and from this time onward, it has started to populate, related to elementary conditions and its population reached to 264 persons, at the end of 2006 (www.ntoir.gov.ir). This value reached to 3454 persons at the end of 2008. It should be mentioned that, this more than 13folds increase of town’s population is due to adding two villages, Avarshk and Fakhr-e-Davood, to new town limits of the legal and privacy of Binalood in order to use of population potential within these two villages. Table1. Evaluation of population implementation degree Year 2003 2008 2011 2018 Anticipated population 20084 50703 67355 113425 Present status 0 3454 3818 - Implementation degree 0% 6.81% 5.66% - Resource: Master plan of Binalood, home health of Avarshk and Fakhr-e- Davood 3-2- Evaluation of employment implementation degree of town The employment implementation degree was equivalent with one thousands job opportunities across the Binalood new town, in the year of 2003 (Naghavi zadeh and Negahban Marvi; 2006:408). Five years later, 2008, these job opportunities have been increased to 5200, because of industrial units, especially Khorasan Irankhodro. Table2. Evaluation of employment implementation degree Year 2003 2008 2013 2018 Anticipated employment 5614 14703 22987 34027 Present status 1000 5200 - - Implementation degree 17.18% 35.36% - - Resource: Master plan of Binalood, Field studies and authors calculations 3-3- Evaluation of housing implementation degree According to master plan of Binalood new town, the number of required housing was anticipated 10186 for the year 2008 (Consulting engineers of Iran Amko, 2001: 349) but, by using the calculation of building permit numbers it was cleared that only 1313 buildings were built by the end of 2008 (new town development company, 2009) which shows that, 12.89 percent of anticipated plan were implemented. Table 3. Evaluation of housing implementation degree Year Total required housing Present status Implementation degree 2009 12017 1416 17.78% 2011 15679 1484 9.46% Resource: Master plan of Binalood and new town development company of Binalood The cause of unimplementation of anticipated housing units’ number not only was due to non implementation of anticipated population and required installations and infrastructures but also, was resulted of land board games and its cost between the years 2005 and 2008. 4- Conclusion According to the results of this research, it has been investigated that, master plan of Binalood was unsuccessful in order to achieve its aims by the end of 2011. The investigations on assessed factors show that, none of them have been implemented completely. It should be emphasized the, the population, employment, housing were 5.66%, 35.36% and 9.46% of anticipated values, respectively. This was follow with, employment and housing and population implementation, 5.66%, has inefficient position. Finally, it should purpose that, the most important problems of implementation of this town including, insufficient infrastructures, required installations and shortage of different services must be solve. طرح جامع شهری بیشتر به منظور ترویج ضوابط شهرسازی، کنترل توسعه شهرها، هماهنگ سازی بخش‌های مختلف شهر و شناخت حوزه‌های نفوذ شهر تهیه می‌شود. این طرح‌ها در کشور ما با توجه به این که برداشتی از الگوها و تجربیات کشورهای دیگر است، دارای نتایج متفاوتی بودند که بعضاً با موفقیت همراه نبوده است. سابقه تهیه طرح‌های جامع شهری در کشور ما به اوایل دهه 1340 بر می‌گردد. هدف از این تحقیق، بررسی و ارزیابی طرح جامع شهر جدید بینالود است و روش پژوهش به کار گرفته شده در این مقاله «توصیفی ـ تحلیلی» است. نتایج بررسی‌ها نشان می‌دهد میزان تحقق پذیری جمعیت شهر جدید بینالود در سال 1390 که به عنوان دومین شهر اقماری مشهد در 55 کیلومتری جنوب غربی آن و با هدف توسعه ناپیوسته و جذب سرریزهای جمعیتی بالقوه مشهد ایجاد شده است، 66/5 درصد است که از علل عدم تحقق آن می‌توان به کاهش رشد جمعیت شهر مشهد، کمبود امکانات، تأسیسات و خدمات در شهر اشاره کرد. میزان تحقق پذیری اشتغال شهر هم برابر 36/35 درصد است. میزان تحقق پذیری مسکن هم برابر 46/9 درصد است. نتایج بررسی‌ها، نشان دهنده عدم تحقق‌پذیری مطلوب طرح جامع شهر جدید بینالود است. از علل عدم تحقق‌پذیری مناسب طرح جامع شهر جدید بینالود می‌توان به عدم تحقق جمعیت پیش‌بینی شده، بورس بازی زمین، کمبود امکانات، تأسیسات و خدمات در این شهر جدید اشاره کرد. در نهایت، پیشنهاد می‌شود که در درجه اول باید مشکلات عدم تحقق جمعیت شهر جدید بینالود که مهم‌ترین آن نبود خدمات و امکانات مناسب است، رفع گردد تا این شهر جدید به اهداف پیش بینی شده خود نزدیک‌تر شود.

https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18571_babe662261485214b7d38021cc906bef.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 23 4 2013 02 19 The role of Siberian high in distribution of the daily minimum temperatures in Iran نقش پرفشار سیبری در پراکنش دماهای کمینه روزانه ایران 151 166 18572 FA امیرحسین حلبیان استادیار اقلیم شناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران مهران شبانکاری استادیار اقلیم شناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 Extended abstract 1- Introduction Siberian high is a large synoptic system in planet scale that considers the most important center of atmosphere action for cold period in Eurasia. This high that depend on the coldest and the most condensed air mass in north hemisphere, concentrate itself as a seasonal and semi – permanent synaptic system between Baykal and Balkhash lakes , and it’s western tongue affect the climate of extensive regions of Iran. Therefore, the goal of this synoptic study is to explain key interactions between the atmosphere and surface environment and in other words exploration of the relationship between the circulation patterns of Siberian high pressure and minimum temperatures in Iran. Up to now, many studies about Siberian high have been done by several individuals that we will refer to some studies which have been done in Iran and world. In the world, Lydolph(1977), Ding and Krishnamurti(1987), Sahsamanoglou et al (1991) , Zhang et al (1996) , Mokhov and Petukhov (1999), Choen et al (2001), Haghton et al(2001), Gong et al(2001,2002), Takaya and Nakamura (2004), Panagiotopoulos et al (2005) and Lingis and Thompson(2005) are individuals that have carried out investigations about siberian high. In Iran, the investigations have been done too which can point to investigations of Abdolhoseini (1358), Alijani (1369), Balighi (1375), Chokhachizadeh (1376), Jahanbakhsh et al (1378), Azizi and Yousefi (1384) and kaviani et al (2007). This research try to reveal the climatic impacts of pressure systems on Iran climate by using the statistic and synoptic methods study the role of Siberian high system at the Slp in spatial distribution of the minimum temperatures in Iran. 2- Methodology In this research, for analyzing the temporal variations of the Siberian system have been applied the daily data of sea level pressure at 12GMT in NCEP NCAR database with spatial resolution of 2.5×2.5 in a 55 years period including 20089 days from Dey, 11th, 1329 to Dey, 10th,1384).To recognize and analyze the temporal patterns of Siberian high system and by considering the mean position of this system and it’s spatial developing relative to Iran and the maximum of it’s action intensity in sea level that often is conformity with surrounding and middle limits of Balkhash and Baykal lakes (Lingis and Thompson,2005, Gong et al 2002, Sahsamanoglou et al ,1991, kaviani et al, 1386 and Chokhachizadeh ,1376) we have selected the suitable framework of 62.5 – 120o east and 40 – 62.5o north for this system. Then, calculation and standardization of mean daily of sea level pressure have been done from 1330 to 1383. Thus, a matrix with size 197241 was obtained as standardized Siberian high index (SSHI) that included the anomalies of positive phase (Siberian high presentation) and negative phase (absence of the Siberian high) in each day. To analyze and interpret the effect of Siberian high system on minimum temperatures in Iran, have been applied the information of 663 synoptic and climatology stations in Iran with statistical period of 1961 – 2004 from minimum daily temperature data of stations that at least had statistical period of 10 years. On this basis, the data of minimum daily temperature of 423 stations have selected and analyzed. At first, the value of minimum daily temperatures was standardized for analyzing the effect of Siberian high on minimum temperatures of Iran. After standardization, two calendars have been conformed as standardized value of daily minimum temperature and standardized Siberian high index and selected a temporal period from 1340 to 1382 consist of 15705 days from 16071 days for studying the effect of Siberian high system on daily minimum temperature in Iran. Then, for understanding how effects of the Siberian high system on daily minimum temperature in Iran, the contingency table method and the 2 statistic calculated in math-lab soft ware were appleid. 3- Discussion The study of time series of index value for intensity of this high system in studied time period indicate that the lowest anomaly was equal to -2 and the highest anomaly in studied period was equal to +3/5. The lowest anomaly of negative phase has occurred on Tir, 25th, 1335 and the highest anomaly of positive phase was on Azar, 5th, 1366. The results of study the time series of intensity index indicated that the nature of index behavior at mentioned level vary alternately and tendency to change between two positive and negative phase is evident in the half -year time periods. In addition, it indicates the decreasing and increasing behavior in itself internal-year variability continuously. The anomaly of negative phase relate to non Siberian high and predominance the Asia low in hot period of year and the anomaly of positive phase of index indicate predominance the Siberian high in cold period of year. The average of positive phase intensity for Siberian system is 0.88 and the average of negative phase intensity is -0.80. The frequency of occurrence days of positive phase is 9469 days and the frequency of occurrence days of negative phase is 10255 days. Therefore, in mentioned statistical period, the positive phase (Siberian high) was dominant in 48% of period and the negative phase (non Siberian system and Asia low presentation) was dominant in 52% of period. The study of time series of average the Siberian high intensity index in positive phase indicate that the most violent positive anomaly was occurred in 1335 and 1355 and the most weak of it were in 1357 and 1370. In addition, the study of time series for days frequency of existence and absence of the Siberian high in occurrence the negative and positive phase indicate that the average of negative phase dominant was nearly 190 days and the average of positive phase dominant was about 175 days. The least period of dominant for positive phase was 143 days (1338) and the greatest was 210 days (1370). The period of dominant for negative phase wasn’t shorter than 155 days (1370) and longer than 222 days (1338). By study the time variations of the frequency of Siberian high activity days in positive phase occurrence that had ascending behavior during recent 50 years, it seems that in spite of relative decrease of the frequency of days for Siberian high activity in 1930’s, totally, the frequency of days for activity of this system have been increased during recent 50 years. In this research, applying the contingency table method in studied time period (1340 – 1382) for understanding the role of Siberian high in sea level (Slp) in spatial distribution of daily minimum temperatures (night temperature), showed that daily minimum temperature isn’t under effect of Siberian high system in this atmosphere level at only 7% of studied stations (30 stations of totally 423 stations) and in other words is independent of this dynamical – thermal high. On the other hand, on the basis of this statistical method, the daily minimum temperature is under effect of this high system at nearly 93% of studied stations (393 stations of totally 423 stations) and isn’t independent of the effect of this high system in studied atmosphere level. 4- Conclusion This research indicated that standardized intensity Siberian high index is able to revealing the time variations of Siberian high. The analysis of time series of standardized intensity Siberian high index in positive phase period (predominance and presentation the Siberian high) indicated that intensity of Siberian high activity have the alternate behavior. Comparison between frequency of positive phase occurrence days and negative phase event days in the studied level showed that during recent 50 years the appearance and activity days of SH were definitely less than absence days of this system. At he same time, the frequency of activity days for this system was increasing during recent 50 years. In the other hand, this study indicated that the frequency of presentation days Siberian high have tendency to increase. The study of obtained results by using the contingency table method at time period (1340 – 1382) for revealing the effect of Siberian high system on occurrence of daily minimum temperatures in Iran showed that at the 95% confidence level, daily temperature minimum in about 93% of studied stations (393 out of 423) isn’t independent of influence of Siberian high pressure at the Slp. this subject indicate the strong relationship and connection between daily minimum temperatures in extensive regions of Iran and Siberian high at the Slp. در این پژوهش، تغییرات زمانی پرفشار سیبری ( SH ) در تراز Slp با استفاده از داده‌های روزانه فشار تراز دریا در ساعت GMT 12 پایگاه داده‌ ( NCEP/NCAR ) و با تفکیک مکانی 5/2×5/2 درجه قوسی در یک دوره زمانی 55 ساله شامل 20089 روز از اول ژانویه سال 1951 (یازدهم دی‌ماه 1329) تا 31 دسامبر سال 2005 (دهم دی‌ماه 1384) بررسی شد. بدین منظور با انتخاب چارچوب پوش مناسب، میانگین فشار تراز دریا برای هر یک از روزهای تقویم خورشیدی1383- 1330 محاسبه و استانداردسازی شد. بدین ترتیب، آرایهای به ابعاد 1×19724 با عنوان شاخص استاندارد شده شدت پرفشار سیبری ( SSHI ) به دست آمد که شامل ناهنجاری ‌های فاز مثبت (نمود پرفشار سیبری) و منفی (نبود پرفشار سیبری) در هر روز بود . تحلیل سری‌های زمانی شاخص مزبور آشکار ساخت که شاخص مزبور سرشتی دو وضعیتی دارد. مقایسه فراوانی روزهای رخداد فاز مثبت با فراوانی روزهای رویداد فاز منفی در تراز مورد بررسی نیز نشان داد که در طی نیم سده گذشته روزهای حضور پرفشار سیبری کمتر از روزهای نبود این سامانه بوده است. در عین حال تعداد روزهای فعالیت این سامانه در نیم سده گذشته رو به افزایش بوده است. در مجموع، شاخص استانـدارد شده شدت پرفشار سیبری ( SSHI ) که در این پژوهش تعریف و محاسبه گردید؛ این توانایی را نشان داد که به عنوان معیاری برای بررسی رفتار زمانی این سامانه پرفشار مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. اجرای روش جدول توافقی و محاسبه آماره کای دو(2 χ ) در طول دوره آماری(1382-1340) آشکار ساخت که در سطح اطمینان 95 درصد، کمینه دمای روزانه در 93 درصد از ایستگاههای مورد بررسی(393 ایستگاه از مجموع 423 ایستگاه) مستقل از تأثیر پرفشار سیبری در تراز Slp نیست و به عبارتی متأثر از آن است.

https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18572_6030b853c2999365e4c20b3a3d941ad0.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 23 4 2013 02 19 Analysis and Evaluation of Land Use Changes in International Wetlands of Ala-Gol, Alma- Gol & Ajay-Gol In Turkaman Sahra, Using Multi-temporal Satellite Images ارزیابی و تحلیل تغییرات کاربری اراضی محدوده تالاب‌های بین‌المللی آلاگل، آلماگل و آجی گل ترکمن صحرا با استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای چند زمانه 167 184 18573 FA رسول قربانی دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز ایران علی‌اکبر تقی‌پور دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز ایران حسن محمودزاده دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 Extended Abstract 1-Introduction According to the Ramsar Convention, wetlands are areas of marsh, fen, peatland or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six meters. According to recent estimations, world wetlands account for 6.2 to 7.6 percent of earth’s surface. Wetlands are considered an integral part of the global ecosystem as they prevent or reduce severity of floods, feed groundwater aquifers and provide a unique habitat for flora and faun and lots of other benefits including water quality maintenance, agricultural production, fisheries, and recreation. loodwater retention, provision of wildlife habitat, soil erosion control, maintaining the diversity of entire landscapes and are among other benefits. In addition, they can form cornerstone elements for regional conservation strategies. Zhao et al (2010) based on landscape data produced from integrated Landsat MSS/TM/ETM+ images and spatial metrics, presented a survey of wetland landscape changes in the Pearl River estuary from 1979 to 2009, and explored the spatio-temporal characteristics of wetland change. Yue et al (2003) using three series of satellite images in 1984, 1991 and 1996 studied changes in the landscape of the Yellow River Delta wetland. Kashaigili et al (2006) focused in their research on human and developmental activities in the study area for the periods 1973 and 1984, and 1984 and 2000. Landsat MSS and Landsat-TM images were used to locate and quantify the changes. Gilmore et al (2008) examined the effectiveness of using multi-temporal satellite imagery, and field spectral data to classify and map the common plant communities that may provide coastal resource managers, municipal officials and researchers a set of recommended guidelines for remote sensing data collection for marsh inventory and monitoring. International Wetlands of Ajay-Gol, Alma-Gol and Ala-Gol are located at, dry steppe and Warm Turkman sahra desert in Turkmenistan, near to the border of Iran and Turkmenistan. They are among unique ecosystems and international wetlands of Iran. In terms of geographic location, Alma gol Wetland is in geographical coordinates 37˚ 25̒N to 54˚ 38΄E and Aji gol Wetland is in 37˚ 24̒N to 54˚ 40΄E. Ala gol wetland is located in geographic coordinate of 37˚ 20΄ northern latitude and 54˚ 35̒ east. In this research, Changes of three international wetlands, that is Alma gol, Aji gol and Ala gol as globally important ecosystems are investigated using multi temporal images. For monitoring changes in the Wetlands, TM and ETM satellite sensor imagery for 1987, 2000, 2005 and 2010 after atmospheric and geometric correction with maximum likelihood classifier method in six classes of water, saltlands, arid lands, low vegetation density, average and high vegetation were classified. With transfer classification results to the GIS environment and using analytic function of Union Changes occurred in the primary - secondary matrices over the period studied (1987-2010) were evaluated. 2- Methodology To achieve the main objectives of the study, available TM and ETM satellite sensor imagery for 1987, 2000, 2005 and 2010 Alma gol, Aji gol and Ala gol international wetlands were selected. In preprocessing stage, after preparing the multi temporal images of region, radiometric, Geometric and normalization techniques were applied. In processing stage, the visual interpretation of images related to the study area and the reflective properties of water in the infrared band that is almost zero, the separation of land and water in the wetland area was identified. In addition to the visual methods, other digital image processing techniques like the ratio of bands, bands subtraction, and principal component analysis were used to identify areas of change. In post processing stage, the field survey and using GPS device in the study area with picking up required training samples the Envi software environment was applied to the MLC method. 3– Discussion In the present study, with field survey and using GPS device and considering to the distribution of land covererage, six classes of usage in the areaof mentioned wetlands were selected as follows: Water, saltlands, arid lands, low vegetation density, average and high vegetation. It was attempted to regard distribution of sample areas in selecting training samples with overlapping training samples and creating false color composite images so that normal distribution of samples is obtained. After classifying images of 1987, 2000, 2005 and 2010 extracted raster maps were converted to vector format for producing final change detection maps. Spatial distribution changes occurring during 1987 to 2010 could be derived from the change maps. In these maps using the Union extension, six classified land use layer for the years 1987 - 2000, 2000 - 2005 and 2005-2010 are overlaid on each other and spatial Values changes in primary and secondary matrices were calculated. 4– Conclusion Results show that during the research period (1987-2010) many changes in land use area has occurred which these changes include reduction in wetlands area from 2591.8 hectares in 1987 to 1280.6 hectares in 2010, reduction of salt lands, reduction in vegetation with high density, increase in vegetation with low/average density, and finally stability of thearid land area. The main causes of these changes should be explored in issues such as droughts, dam construction, extra wetlands water consumption in agriculture, fish farming and construction of canals and roads. ایران با دارا بودن تالاب‌های متعدد، که 22 تالاب آن در معاهده بین‌المللی رامسر به ثبت جهانی رسیده است، دارای جایگاه ویژه‌ای در آسیای جنوب غربی است. سه تالاب بین‌المللی آجی گل، آلماگل و آلاگل در دشت ترکمن صحرا از اکوسیستم‌های مهم جهانی بوده که در این تحقیق با استفاده از تصاویر چند زمانه لندست بررسی شده‌اند. تصاویر ماهواره‌ای سنجنده‌های TM و ETM+ در سال‌های 1987، 2000، 2005 و 2010 بعد از عملیات تصحیح اتمسفری و هندسی با نمونه‌های تعلیمی برداشت شده با روش طبقه‌بندی ماکزیمم احتمال در شش کلاس آب، اراضی نمکی، اراضی بایر، پوشش گیاهی تراکم کم، پوشش گیاهی تراکم متوسط و پوشش گیاهی تراکم زیاد رده بندی شدند و با انتقال به محیط GIS و استفاده از تابع تحلیلی :::union::: ، تغییرات رخداده در قالب ماتریس‌های اولیه_ثانویه طی دوره مورد مطالعه (1987-2010) ارزیابی شده‌اند. کاهش سطح آب تالاب‌ها از 8/2591 هکتار در سال 1987 به 6/1280 هکتار در سال 2010 و همچنین کاهش اراضی نمکی، کاهش پوشش گیاهی با تراکم زیاد و افزایش پوشش گیاهی با تراکم متوسط و کم، و در نهایت، بدون تغییر ماندن میزان مساحت اراضی بایر از اهم این تغییرات است، که از جمله علل اصلی این تغییرات را باید در مسائلی مانند خشکسالی‌های اخیر، احداث سد، برداشت بی رویه آب تالاب‌ها برای مصارف کشاورزی، پرورش ماهی و احداث کانال و جاده در منطقه و بین تالاب‌ها جستجو کرد.

https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18573_030392e1ba47b176b5302faf51627d2b.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 23 4 2013 02 19 Extended abstract: Evaluation of relationship between density and social sustainability in Tehran Municipalityâs regions بررسی رابطه تراکم و پایداری اجتماعی در مناطق شهرداری تهران 185 200 18574 FA محمود جمعه‌پور استادیار جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران غلامرضا نجفی کارشناس ارشد مدیریت شهری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران سعید شفیعا کارشناس ارشد مدیریت شهری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 Extended abstract 1- Introduction Issue of sustainable development and especially sustainable urban development has been one of the most important concerns of policy makers and planners since the Rio Conference. This point of view was given form environmental, economic, managerial and social comments that have collected from all fields of university studies about cities. With assuming “compact city form” as the stable urban form and also regarding to prevent suburbs spread of Tehran metropolis subject entitled as “organizing and protecting the city’s boundary and preventing any spread of span area”, the various aspects of Tehran sustainability, according to the characteristics of compact city, is necessary to study. Issue of social stability in the compact city model has become a challenging subject among researchers and planners. Some of them believe that if cities become more dense then social stability decreases. But others argue that denser cities have more social stable positions. To sale building density as a one of the most important sources of income for Tehran Municipality became rampant during the decade of nineties. This change has had different effects to urban region. This has various impacts on increase of pollution, low standard of urban services, traffic problems and disturb of social coherence. So research and explore with literature review attentions in Tehran city with real data will be the best way for understanding of density's decrement affects. Clearly, compact city and sustainability are from western theoretical achievements and not related to Iranian cities. But using of these theories is the way to find Iranian theories about affect of densities to social sustainability. And it will show that how much different is between western and Iranian cities from point of views and theoretical achievements. 2- Methodology Due to the necessity and importance of social stability in Tehran metropolitan and also according to its planned vision, this study discussed about the social stability in various area of Tehran. In addition, social stability level in some regions with different population density are investigated and analyzed. This study is not pursuing to establish relationship between density and social stability. Also, factor analysis was used for defining of primary factors of the research and expert's comments and factors' load were used for naming these new factors. Library studies and statistics collects, building an analytic model and indexes, using of experts for finalizing analytic model, statistics analysis and mathematical calculation, factors naming by attention to factors' load and experts Opinions, Conclusion and analysis of results by attention to experts Opinions, is the steps of doing this research in order. 3– Discussion This research showed that social sustainability contains, Development and access to facilities, Medical and health's share, Cultural development and Voluntary participation, in order. The Correlation shows that there is negative and significant relationship between "Development and access to facilities" and "Cultural development". Result of that correlation was about -0.881 which is intensive relationship. Clearly, it means that we will lose social sustainability. However, this result is not reliable reason to accept or reject of positive or negative correlation between density and social sustainability because analysis have done in one city where it has not had clear organized plans for compressed constructions. Perhaps if social, economic, technical and environmental prerequisites of Compression are provided in Iranian's cities, different results will be achievable. In Comparison between pictures of Tehran density and social stability, it is clear that central regions of Tehran with low densities rather have higher social stabilities. Also, Southern regions of Tehran which have higher densities have had low social sustainability. Therefore, kind of densities that created in Tehran regions of municipality not related to factors' increment of welfare and social. It means this Situation does not create sustainable areas. 4– Conclusion However, results of this study indicated that increasing density at 20 districts of Tehran caused to decrease the social sustainability. Therefore, more attention must be paid to social aspects of development because with reduction of the social sustainability in societies, economic and environmental sustainability and finally in total city sustainability will be at risk. In addition, correlation between density and rate of University education is about -0.834 and correlation between density and ratio of uneducated women to uneducated men is about +0.439. These indices had the most important effects in decrement of social sustainability. Finally, in this situation, more compressed districts of Tehran have had less welfare and cultural sustainability. Although, results does not mean that increment of density always causes decrement of sustainability. But it is acceptable that in this position, Tehran statistics shows that model of development of Tehran in density not along with social sustainability. If we want to discus about factors of sustainable development, we have to prepare Prerequisite of this development. From other vision we can understand that history of urbanization and cultural attitudes is the most important reason for this result. If we want to find affect of something in their social position we have to know their feelings and needs about that change با توجه به انتخاب فرم شهر متراکم به عنوان پایدارترین فرم شهری و نیز موضوع جلوگیری از گسترش حومه کلان شهر تهران با عنوان ساماندهی و صیانت از محدوده و جلوگیری از هرگونه گسترش شهر ، اهمیت بررسی جنبههای مختلف پایداری کلان شهر تهران با توجه به مشخصههای شهر متراکم ضروری مینماید. موضوع پایداری اجتماعی در مدل شهر متراکم، به موضوعی چالش برانگیزی در میان محققان و برنامهریزان تبدیل گردیده است. بنابراین، تحقیق حاضر به بررسی رابطه پایداری اجتماعی و تراکم در مناطق شهرداری تهران میپردازد. در این تحقیق با استفاده از همبستگی، رابطه میان شاخص تراکم با شاخصهای پایداری اجتماعی، در مناطق مختلف شهر تهران بررسی شد. یافتههای تحقیق نشان دهنده این مسأله است که با افزایش تراکم در مناطق 22 گانه شهر تهران، پایداری اجتماعی کمتر میشود، بنابراین ضروری است در روند متراکمسازی، ابعاد اجتماعی توسعه مورد توجه بیشتری قرار گیرند. چرا که با کاهش پایداری اجتماعی، پایداری اقتصادی و زیست محیطی و در نهایت، پایداری شهری در معرض خطر جدی قرار خواهد گرفت. نتایج تحلیل عاملی، به ترتیب وزنها نشان میدهد که چهار عامل سطح توسعه یافتگی و برخورداری، سرانه‌های پزشکی – بهداشتی، توسعه یافتگی فرهنگی و مشارکت داوطلبانه، مفهوم پایداری اجتماعی شهر تهران را تشکیل میدهند. در این میان عوامل سطح توسعه یافتگی و برخورداری و توسعه یافتگی فرهنگی، با افزایش تراکم به سمت ناپایداری گرایش پیدا می‌نمایند و زمینه‌ساز ناپایداری اجتماعی به حساب میآیند.

https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18574_b7ba67a66a8db3729743620b362e4a67.pdf