دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 24 2 2013 08 23 Cover 50 جلد 50 0 1 18605 FA Journal Article 2016 06 14 https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18605_329a460f00143616f5173fe8c44b28cc.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 24 2 2013 08 23 Appendix 50 پیوستها 1 1 18606 FA Journal Article 2016 06 14 https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18606_3e503ca2577d36c93a0b4d0bd9f46330.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 24 2 2013 08 23 Place Identity and its Perception with a Geosystem Approach هویت مکان و ادراک آن با رویکرد ژئوسیستمی 1 22 18591 FA محمد شریفی استادیار ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران محمدحسین رامشت استاد ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران مجتبی رفیعیان دانشیار برنامه‌ریزی شهری و منطقه‌ای، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران یوسف قویدل استادیار اقلیم شناسی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 <strong>Extended Abstract</strong> <strong>1- Introduction</strong><strong><strong><br /></strong></strong> Identity is an index of superior quality that appears the nature of a phenomenon. It is obvious that a subject, in the ratio of its needs and desires, determines the objectivity of a phenomenon. Place identity is a kind of human epistemology about surrounded environmental patterns. It has helped him/her to choose suitable place as habitant during the history. Thus, with evolution of his/her experiences has been selected the best suitable places. Place identity, indeed, is a part of substructures of individual identity of human being, and it is also, as the result of general knowledge of men about the physical world that he/she live in it. Geosystems present patterns according to spatial components relationship. Therefore, they could act as a guide for human activities. In this study, we used geography phenomenological approach and geosystem analysis to understand the nature of genesis and historical evolution of place, as bases of social and historical identity. Therefore, perception subjectivity of place has replaced with objectivity perception of the same place. For the purpose of accessing to the goal, we have defined identity, place identity, geosystems and their general characters. Then, on the base of these definitions, we have studied place identity according to geosystems approach to recognize them for description civil and social identity. Understanding the nature of place in the context of geomorphic systems for land use planning, especially habitants are the final goal of the research. Research results shows that every place, in geosystem approach, has a unique identity that it's structure and function perception can determine land use planning. Therefore, every place has a spatial legislations, and capability. Following the legislations and capability is caused sustainability development.   <strong>2- Identity concept</strong> Here, the concept of identity has been used to describe indexes and characters of being a phenomenon in time, and in relation to another places. Thus, it explains the conditions of formation, spatial and body evolutions of place as patterns duration time.   <strong>3- Identity concept of place</strong> Place identity, in this research, expresses place behavioral patterns as a geosystem that has distinct structure and boundary. Place identity is created by interaction between human and physical environment. Everything is a part of a whole. Therefore, we are a part of environment, and the physical and human worlds are a part of a continuum.    <strong>4- The necessity of epistemology of place identity</strong> Existing of stable references for continuum and survival of human being are necessity. Place with having definite and distinct area has the same characters. In other words, it identifies social identities. We used place identity to pay attention to physical environment as an important factor or a context for human identities. Anyway, it emphasizes on influences of physical environment on different human identities, and their dependence to place.       <strong>5- Geosystems</strong> Geosystems or Geomorphic systems include a structure with interactions between processes and landforms inside it, which changes in relations to changes in its components. Geomorphic system, in fact, is a surrounded place with a definite boundary that includes components which depend and have common structures- functions to each other. Therefore, every change in each part of system, changes the totality of system, too. Geosystems have some legislation that we have pointed in the article, for example; they have unity structure and function with a definite boundary. They have a definite trend which makes recognizable patterns include order or chaos; equilibrium or disequilibrium and so on, which mean in the patterns in different periods. These characters are caused that we estimate and evaluate their next behavior.   <strong>6- Place and its identity with a geosystem approach</strong> Place with the Geomorphic systems approach has a "Gestalt" totality, where the components make a whole together. As, the Gestalt totality determines final behavior. In the geosystems, there are patterns that have unique genesis and historical evolutions, the patterns those definite behavioral characters of place. Knowing these characters is necessary for sustainable development.  For examples, a hill by esker genesis is different of another hill by a glacier or erosion origin. Thus, we can just estimate the behavior of a hill according to its nature and identity. In other words, these characters are created by geology historical evolutions, and determine next behaviors. Place in a geosystem approach is subjective and perceptible from points of view components, special structure, function, and also its totality. Thus, we can recognize differences between places exactly.     <strong>7- Conclusions</strong> Geosystems make the identity of place of human being comprehensible as definite realms in small or big scales, because they have definite spatial scales. At a small scale, small villages have been made inside it, and in big scales they cause to be created big cities. One of the most important characters of geosystems identity is recognizing and comprehension of their structures and functions which Human being conducts his behaviors, needs, and desires according to it. In this trend, he/she choices best places to settle, and he/she feel unity and identity with his surrounded environment. In geosystem approach to place identity, we pay attention to the ways of environmental response to climatic changes, tectonic events, and understanding the historical patterns the replies for settle of human being with a native identity. Besides, forecasting of anomalies and chaos in geosystem is important. Such a straight perception is companion with the evolution of experience of human generation; in addition, compatibility with such patterns is done natively. Therefore, the best places are chosen for settlement and human being feel identity to his/her environment. In other words, not to understanding of place identity lead to environmental crisis.   پرسش اینکه ما کی هستیم متوقف بر پرسش ما کجا هستیم است. موقعیت و جایگاه سکونت انسانی در مکان امکانپذیر است. هر مکانی هویت وجودی قابل درکی دارد و این درک به عنوان مرجع و لنگرگاههای ثابت برای هویت‌های مختلف انسانی اعم از تاریخی و اجتماعی ضروری است. درک ژئوسیستمی مکان به لحاظ هستی شناختی، معنی بخش اجزاء ذاتی پدیده‌های قرار گرفته در درون آن به صورت یک کل منسجم است. به لحاظ شناخت شناسی، هویت مکانی عبارت از فهم و تبیین الگوها و قانونمندیهای ساختاری-عملکردی منظم و مشخص در یک مقیاس فضایی است که با تغییر مقیاس فضایی و زمانی نظم و بی نظمی در آن پیدا و پنهان می‌شود. این الگوها با فرایند‌ها و فرم‌ها رابطه ای دیالکتیکی داشته و نسبت به هم در زمان تحول می‌یابند. در درک مکان با رویکرد ژئوسیستمی، پاسخدهی مکان به تغییرات اقلیمی و تکتونیکی، و بروز چگونگی این پاسخدهی و اثرات آن در برهمکنش اجزاء داخلی و ساختار آنها جهت خودتنظیمی برای رسیدن به تعادل‌های پایدار و فراپایدار به شکل الگوهای منظم اما پیچیده مورد توجه است. در این وضعیت گره گاههای زیستی برای الگوهای سکونت گاهی مبتنی بر توانشان انتخاب و به شکل ارگانیکی و متأثر از ویژگی‌های هندسه ی طبیعی تکامل پیدا می‌کنند. این مکانها هویت منحصر به فردی پیدا کرده و دارای اصالت هویت می‌شوند. مهمتر اینکه هویت بخش جوامع انسانی در قالب نژادها، زبانها، مذهب‌ها، ملتها و سرزمین‌ها در طی تاریخ می‌گردند. در این پژوهش، رویکرد جغرافیای پدیدار شناسانه برای درک ماهیت پیدایش و تحولات تاریخی مکان، تعادل دینامیکی آن به عنوان مقوم هویت‌های اجتماعی و تاریخی و به ویژه الگوهای سکونتگاهی گذشته مورد توجه است. بدین ترتیب، درک عینی مکان جایگزین درک ذهنی آن شده است. محوریت توجه، از این رو، وجود الگوهای پدیدار مکان جهت زیست انسانی و درک این الگوها برای ایجاد حس تعلق مکانی است. در واقع، مکانیسم یا مکانیسم‌هایی که در آن مکان به شکل ادراکی در آمده و هویت بخش انسانی است مورد مطالعه واقع می‌شود. به عبارت دیگر، ویژگیهای ذاتی یک مکان به مثابه یک واحد و جوهره‌ی مکانی، با داشتن تمایزات و تشابهات با سایر مکانها وشکل بخشی این مکان خاص به هویت تاریخی انسان به لحاظ ژنتیکی، اجتماعی، فرهنگی و به طور کلی تمدنی به صورت پویا بررسی می‌شود. https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18591_70f087a8690dc9fb244a503a9dbf90df.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 24 2 2013 08 23 Synoptic Classification of Effective Circulation Patterns on the Climate of Iran in Sea Level طبقه‌بندی همدید الگوهای گردشی موثر بر آب و هوای ایران در تراز دریا 23 38 18592 FA قاسم عزیزی دانشیار اقلیم شناسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران تیمور علیزاده دانشجوی دکتری اقلیم شناسی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 <strong>Extended Abstract</strong> <br /><strong>1- Introduction</strong><strong><strong><br /></strong></strong> <br />Classifications are an important tool in both general and applied climatology. The derivation and application of classifications have considerably increased in the climate research during the last decades, but already in earlier times of scientific evolution, we can find prominent and long-lived examples like the well-known global climate classification.This classification was based on threshold climatically regarding temperature and precipitation. Unlike the threshold classification for applying classification  by multivariate analysis the condition of classification should be done without considering objective threshold and base on the self-definitions. In This paper have been classified the sea level pressure and for achieving the most important circulation pattern on the sea level pressure on the climate of Iran. In Iran amply has studied about effective circulation pattern over Iran climatology. <br />  <br /><strong>2- Material and methods:</strong> <br />In this paper using circulation under environment approach, the most important of patterns which play key role over climate of Iran were classified. In the first step the mean daily sea level pressure from -10 to 100 degree eastern meridian and 10 to 80 degree northern latitude from reanalyze NCEP/NCAR database were collected. Then the spectrum analysis lower or 10 day changes from the principles data were removed and with applying principal component analysis the volume of database was reduced and a classified component was provided by cluster analysis.  Tow climate elements including temperature and precipitation data from Iran Meteorology Organization in 212 synoptic stations were extracted. Ultimately the mean, area, max as daily for both element precipitation and temperature were calculated. <br />  <br /><strong>3- Discussion:</strong> <br />Matrix-based filtering using principal component analysis was reduced and obtained 57 factors that have egis value greater than 1. This factor  explants 97 percent of all data variation. In these 57 factors were selected 14 factors that are1 percent of all data variation.  With objective and subjective approach were found  5 clusters which can display the circulation pattern on sea level.The results of these 5 types have indicated in the table 1. <br /> <br />  <br /><strong>Table 1: the clustering data by climatic factors</strong> <br />  <br />The mean of temperature and precipitation were calculated in each of cluster. Then the composited pattern of the each type was drawn as the circulation of pattern on Iran climate. At final five weather types including cold and rainy, cold and low rainfall, very cold and rainy, modest and rainy, warm and without precipitation was developed. <br /><strong> </strong> <br /><strong>4- Conclusion </strong> <br />With applying the circulation under environment approach, the pattern circulation in sea level pressure was classified. At the first was identified the grid point data and the atmospheric circulation pattern and then was correlated this pattern over climate of Iran and obtained five weather types including cold and rainy, cold and low rainfall, very cold and rainy, modest and rainy, warm and without precipitation. The results showed that whenever tow high pressure placed on west and east of Iran formed, the dynamical low pressure on Iran caused the heavy precipitation with very low temperature. Azores high pressure is one of them that placed on west of Iran and high pressure tongue development until west of Iran. The other one is Siberian High Pressure that placed on north earth of Iran. This high pressure merges with Tibet high pressure and formed the potent high pressure that develop the tongue high pressure and to enter cold air and reinforcement the dynamical low pressure. The movement of this low pressure was intensified with Sudan low pressure, because of Sudan low passed over the warm sea and transfer the moisture of this seas and its cases that warm air from low pressure and cold air from high pressure formed the baroclinic air and front field.  It is noteworthy that the extensive precipitation will have occurred in Iran when synchronism was occurred all condition that mentioned above.    در این پژوهش با بکار گیری رویکرد گردشی به محیطی مهم ترین سامانه‌های تاثیر گذار تراز دریا، بر روی اقلیم ایران بررسی گردید. برای شناسایی الگوهای جوی داده‌های میانگین روزانه فشار تراز دریا از سری داده‌های باز کاوی شده مرکز پیش بینی‌های محیطی ایالات متحده از تاریخ 1364 تا 1388 برداشت گردید. سپس با انجام تحلیل طیفی بر روی داده‌ها بسامدهای کمتر از 10 روز از پایگاه داده ای فیلتر شدند و با بکارگیری تکنیک تحلیل مولفه مبنا و تحلیل خوشه ای الگوهای جوی طبقه بندی شدند. برای شناسایی تاثیر هر یک از خوشه‌ها بر روی آب و هوای ایران داده‌های دما و بارش از تاریخ مورد نظر با روش زمین آماری، با شبکه (7/18*7/18) کیلومتر میانیابی شده، سپس میانگین عناصر مورد نظر برای کل ایران به صورت روزانه محاسبه گردید و در هریک از خوشه‌ها بطور جداگانه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که مهم ترین الگوهای تراز دریا تاثیر گذار بر روی ایران شامل الگوهای سرد بارشی، سرد کم بارش، معتدل کم بارش، بسیار سرد پربارش، و گرم بسیار کم بارش می باشند. همچنین زمانی که دو هسته پرفشار قوی در شرق و غرب ایران واقع گردند باعث رخداد بارش‌های سنگینی در ایران خواهند شد. https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18592_01fedf4c0ebc79d5e2abd1242cf4c9c4.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 24 2 2013 08 23 Developing a Plan Map with the Aim to Control Erosion, Based on the Geomorphology Model (case study: Zonouz Chai watershed) تهیه نقشه سیمای طرح با هدف کنترل فرسایش براساس الگوی ژئومورفولوژی (مطالعه موردی: حوضه آبریز زنوزچای) 39 52 18593 FA لیلا کاشی‌زنوزی کارشناس ارشد مهندسی منابع طبیعی آبخیزداری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم تحقیقات، تهران، ایران حسن احمدی استاد منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران حسین سعادت استاد منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران علی اکبر نظری استادیار منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران محمد نامدار کارشناس ارشد سنجش از دور، سازمان جنگل‌ها، مراتع و آبخیزداری، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 <strong>Extended Abstract</strong> <strong>1- Introduction</strong><strong><strong><br /></strong></strong> Analyzing and summarizing data to map or demonstrate the extent, resources and watershed were carried out in a simple or complex series of ecological parameters. In the conventional methods in Iran, such series are called units or better environmental units. The method is based on a systematic analysis, and data analyzing and summarizing are conducted to perform a multivariate evaluation. In this method, considered parameters are integrated, so it will be possible to determine ecological boundaries on the map. In each ecosystem, existence of homogeneity among ecological resources formed the ecosystem elements (Makhdum, 2001). Power-PB (1998) studied the role of vegetation and watershed management in mountainous and hill watershed of Maharashtra in India. He concluded that in wide areas with biological cultivation and maintenance operations (from 1992 to 1996), the plant survival was improved by 53.33%, and water waste and erosion were declined nearly by 47% in mountainous shallow areas. In semi-deep soil, this value was about 23%. The decreased value of erosion in mountainous and hill region and high areas was estimated from 42.68% up to 12.79. The amount of harvest through technical operations like Contour Farrow was achieved between 30-35% and 32.79% in hills and heights, respectively.   <strong>2- Methodology </strong> <strong>2-1 Area study </strong> Zonouz Chai watershed is a part of Aras River Basin in the longitude of 45<strong>۫</strong>, 12'to 46<strong>۫</strong>,05, E and the latitude of 38<strong>۫</strong>,18' to 38,4<strong>7</strong>' N. This watershed is located in a moderate mountainous area with very cold winters and moderate summers. Cold and wet climate and the annual precipitation 300 ^mm/_y are the features of this region.   <strong>2-2 basic mapping </strong> First, based on digital topographic map, digital elevation model at the scale of 1:25000 was prepared. Then, the average spacing between the lines was identified with the resolution of 10 m. According to the digital elevation model, maps for slope, aspect and height layers were prepared using the software Arc / GIS. The lithology map was developed from the geological map at the scale of 1/100000. Lithology units present in the area include: E^pu, E^a, E^c1, E^c2, Ol^d, Ol^v, Q^tr, Q^al, D^l, D_s, C_s, Q^th, Qt¹, Qt2, E^sm, E^mg To develop the geomorphological map, scanning and orthophotometric quantification were applied on the aerial photographs using LPS module of the software ERDAS IMAGINE. In general, orthophotometry operation was carried out through the following six steps: - Preparing a block file for the project - Defining the internal justification parameters for eachphotograph - Defining the external justification parameters for eachphotograph - Introducing exact location of the land - Radial block triangulation - Orthoresamplig Next, using the software ERDAS IMAGINE and Arc / GIS, also according to the principles of stereoscopy, the aerial photographs were interpreted and the digital geomorphology map was prepared. The accuracy of the geomorphology map was evaluated through statistical tests. To determine and specify land units, three maps of slope, aspect and height were usSed for preparing an integrated map. The lithology and geomorphological facies maps were prepared and ultimately the land units were provided.   <strong>3-Discussion</strong> In the region under study, 12 geomorphology facies were observed and their boundaries were determined by aerial photographs interpretation. Total accuracy value of the prepared map was 94% and the Kappa index value was 0.9. In the studied watershed, about 123 land units were developed. However, in order to acquire more acceptable samples, land units with slope values of 0 to 20% and more than 20% were integrated. Then, to develop practical strategies, lithological units were ranked according to qualitative categories of erosivity using MPSIAC method. Finally, 50 land units were achieved in this watershed. After discussing certain criteria for each unit, practical programs were developed with the aim to control the erosion.   <strong>3- Conclusions </strong> Sustainable development refers to taking benefits of the resources existing in a watershed according to their sustainability and lack of ruin. To achieve this, the land capabilities should be fully studied and evaluated. So, a comprehensive study is necessary. To exactly determine the problems and potentials is great importance to develop pattern designs and developing implementation policies. To do this, findings of all basic studies were analyzed through a comprehensive vision; among the critical physical criteria are topography, geomorphology, geology and components properties. Eventually, by integrating basic data and their analysis, also regarding the limitations and capabilities of the watershed, proper techniques were suggested for controlling the erosion. Data were linked to a descriptive data table in land unit maps using the software Arc/ GIS. Based on the data, the plan map was then developed to control the erosion rate within Zonouz Chai watershed.  در بسیاری از مناطق ایران انتخاب کاربری و مدیریت زمین بدون توجه به قابلیت‌ها و توان سرزمین انجام می‌شود که سبب اتلاف سرمایه و کاهش ظرفیت محیطی می‌شود. با دانستن وضعیت شکل زمین می‌توان به چگونگی خاک و رستنی‌های هر واحد شکل زمین و توان آن برای کاربری‌های انسان در سرزمین پی برد. در این تحقیق ابتدا با تلفیق سه نقشه جهت دامنه، شیب دامنه و طبقات ارتفاعی، نقشه شیب تهیه شد و در مرحله بعد نقشه ژئومورفولوژی حوضه آبریز زنوزچای با استفاده از نرم افزار ERDAS Imagine تهیه شده و با آزمون آماری معلوم گردید نقشه ژئومورفولوژی تهیه شده با شاخص کاپای 9/0 و میزان صحت کل 94 درصد قابل اطمینان است.سپس نقشه واحدهای شکل زمین با تلفیق سه نقشه سنگ شناسی، ژئومورفولوژی و نقشه شیب ایجاد شد. در نهایت امر با تحلیل محدودیت‌ها و پتانسیل‌های موجود در حوضه آبریز و نیز با توجه به وضعیت واحدهای شکل زمین شیوه‌های مناسب برای کنترل فرسایش در حوضه آبریز مورد مطالعه ارائه گردید. https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18593_6f3fa47da86ccba4c1a959f3cf862c98.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 24 2 2013 08 23 The Quality of Life Measurement in Rural Areas Based on Subjective Indicators Case Study: Sothern Jafarby Dehestan, Torkman County سنجش شاخص‌های ذهنی کیفیت زندگی در نواحی روستایی مطالعه‌ موردی: دهستان جعفربای جنوبی شهرستان ترکمن 53 74 18594 FA سیدعلی بدری استادیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران محمدرضا رضوانی استاد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران مجید قرنجیک کارشناس ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 <strong>Extended Abstract</strong> <strong>1- Introduction</strong><strong><strong><br /></strong></strong> In recent decades, the quality of life has been considered as one of the favorite subjects of science, noted the researchers, planners and government. Extensive researches have been done on the quality of life in the world and Iran, much of them in the field of medical sciences and social sciences. However, several studies have been conducted by geographers and related fields, mostly have been concentrated in urban areas and less in rural areas. Thus the rural settlements and the quality of rural life is important, it is necessary to do further studies in this field. The subject is very important and the quality of life in rural areas is low. Also the studied area is unique on the characteristics of ethnic, cultural and religious, so this research tend to evaluate the quality of life in rural areas, to identify the most important factors affected satisfaction of the local villagers on their quality of life, to know the relationship between cultural characteristics - social and quality of life for rural residents in the area, to recognize dimensions and components of quality of life issues that affect the identification, and finally to measure the attitude of society with specific characteristics of ethnic and cultural based on subjective indicators quality of life.   <strong>2- </strong><strong>Methodology</strong> Descriptive and analytical research methods and practices survey was conducted. It is aimed to recognize and measure the rural resident’s quality of life in the rural area of ​​South Jafarbay, Turkmen county. Indicators and criteria on the basis of documents and information required were collected by a field research and the questionnaires. To maintain the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, it is used statements of previous researches. Based on the specific characteristics of the study area, it was changed partly. Cronbach's alpha test of reliability was obtained the 9, which shows its high reliability. Eight domains of the questionnaire survey about the quality of life including education, health, safety, environment, housing, infrastructure, employment and income, leisure and social interaction and cohesion were involved. Also, using those words, the sense of place, ethnic belonging, and characteristics - culture and its relationship to quality of life was measured. The data relating to the satisfaction of people in each of the jurisdictions were analyzed using Excel and SPSS software. The sample villages were selected using stratified random sampling based on benefit levels (resulting from the potential model).   <strong>3- Discussion</strong> In principle, different communities have different levels of subjective indicators of quality of life. The study area has particular situation because a particular ethnic-cultural community - the Turkmen people - live there for a long years. Turkmen have preserved their culture in a historic process to the region have passed many ethnic characteristics to new generations. Based approach to subjective quality of life, the findings show that the other two territories “employment and income” and “leisure”, quality of life satisfaction in other areas of the interaction and social cohesion, infrastructure, environment, housing, security, health and education in the study population are above average. However, areas of interaction and social cohesion and quality of the highest quality, safety and satisfaction of quality of life and leisure areas of employment and income are the least satisfied with the quality of life. In addition, three other components were evaluated in this study that belongs to the village, belonging to the ethnic characteristics of the region - a culture which, respectively, averaging 3.46, 3.52 and 3.96 in were rated high.   <strong>4- </strong><strong>Conclusion</strong> Between eight of the territory, only in two realms of employment and income and leisure in the subjective quality of life indicators in this area is lower than the average but in total assessment are above the average. Hence it can be said with regard to factors influencing the social, cultural and environmental quality of life, there is different levels of subjective indicators of quality of life in different communities. So the influence of ethnic characteristics - culture in the study area between the Turkmen more, the satisfaction level of subjective quality of life indicators are higher. Based on the results and to improve the weaker quality of life indicators and areas territories as well as the promotion of the current conditions are relatively good, it is necessary in the area of ​​“employment income” to be done: jobs, skills and technical training to the villagers for special youth employment in rural diversification, create employment for rural and low cost insurance to meet their needs for employment insurance, job security increase, the potential of rural crafts and culture in the region and to promote and enhance the rural savings. In the realm of “leisure time” the allocation for sports facilities in rural areas and in consideration of certain land for the construction of sports halls or the small one for their youth, education and coordination with local officials planned to use school space for public sports, culture and dedicated to the study of public space for libraries and other cultural activities are proposed.  در چند دهه‌ اخیر، کیفیت زندگی به‌عنوان یکی از موضوعات مورد علاقه‌ بسیاری از علوم، مورد توجه محققان، برنامه‌ریزان و دولت‌ها قرار گرفته‌است. با توجه به اهمیت موضوع و کمبود تحقیقات علمی انجام شده این بحث در نواحی روستایی، به‌ویژه محدوده مطالعه شده با خصوصیات قومی، فرهنگی و مذهبی منحصربفرد، از اهمیت خاصی برخوردار است. تحقیق حاضر با استفاده از روش توصیفی، تحلیلی و با بهره‌گیری از شیوه پیمایشی با هدف شناخت و سنجش سطح کیفیت زندگی روستاییان ساکن در محدوده ناحیه روستایی دهستان جعفربای جنوبی شهرستان ترکمن، در پی آن است که ضمن شکافتن ابعاد و مؤلفه‌های تأثیرگذار بر مقوله کیفیت زندگی، نگرش جامعه‌ مورد مطالعه را با ویژگی‌های خاص قومی و فرهنگی از منظر شاخص‌های ذهنی کیفیت زندگی، در هشت قلمرو آموزش، سلامت و بهداشت، امنیت، محیط سکونتی، زیرساخت‌ها، اشتغال و درآمد، گذران اوقات فراغت و تعامل و همبستگی اجتماعی مورد سنجش قرار دهد. یافته‌های حاصل از مطالعه میدانی که با استفاده از میانگین و آزمون‌های آماری و به کمک نرم‌افزار SPSS مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت، نشان می‌دهد بالاترین میزان رضایت از کیفیت زندگی در قلمروهای کیفیت تعامل و همبستگی اجتماعی و کیفیت امنیت و کمترین میزان آن نیز در قلمروهای اشتغال و درآمد و گذران اوقات فراغت وجود دارد. از میان 8 قلمرو، فقط در دو قلمرو اشتغال و درآمد و گذران اوقات فراغت، از میانگین پایین‌تر است لیکن در محموع، شاخص‌های ذهنی کیفیت زندگی در این منطقه بالاتر از میانگین ارزیابی می‌شود. از اینرو می‌توان گفت با توجه به تأثیرگذاری عوامل اجتماعی، فرهنگی و محیطی در کیفیت زندگی، سطوح متفاوتی از شاخص‌های ذهنی کیفیت زندگی در جوامع مختلف وجود دارد. بنابراین هر چه میزان نفوذ ویژگی‌های قومی- فرهنگی در بین ترکمن‌های منطقه مورد مطالعه و پای‌بندی به آن بیشتر باشد، میزان رضایت مردم از سطح کیفیت زندگی‌ در شاخص‌های ذهنی بالاتر است. https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18594_83376f0378cb6509951cb3e57ee3e3fc.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 24 2 2013 08 23 Neotectonic, morphoclimatic and anthropogenic agents in Appearance and Genesis of alluvial fans (Case study: Garmsar alluvial fan) بررسی نقش نوزمین ساخت، عوامل مورفوکلیماتیک و آنتروپوژنیک در پیدایش و تحول مخروط‌افکنه‌ها (مطالعه موردی: مخروط افکنه گرمسار) 75 88 18595 FA سیاوش شایان استادیار ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران محمد شریفی‌کیا استادیار سنجش از دور، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران غلامرضا زارع دانشجوی دکتری ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 <strong>Extended Abstract</strong> <strong>1- Introduction</strong><strong><strong><br /></strong></strong> Alluvial fans are common feature in the hillside of mountain, where that sudden change in slope river bed lead to reduce the flow rate and sediments are left according to size. The most appropriate place for the creation of alluvial fans is located output of the mountains and arrival of water network into plain, vast plains and even in the centers of plains in adjacent terminal basins. In this research was tried to investigate the effective factors on creation of Garmsar alluvial fan.   <strong>2- Material and method </strong> In this research, first has been collected required data through library research, documents relating to the subject. Then was determined territory of Hablerod basin and Garmsar alluvial fan by 1:50000 topographic maps and satellite image. Information of lithology was extracted of 1:100000 and 1:250000 geological maps. The study of temperature and precipitation has been made based on meteorological data from synoptic stations of Garmsar, Firouzkoh and Pluviometer of Namrood and Simindasht. The study of sediment and debit rates was performed based on estimation of the sediment and debit stations of Firouzkoh (Hablerood), Namrood, Simindasht (Hablerood), Simindasht (Dalichay), Bonkoh (Hablerood) and Gorsafid. Also the study of neotectonic condition by the 1:50000 topographic maps, based on four indicators of the sinousity geomorphologic Mountain Front (Smf), the valley floor width to height ratio (Vf), the curve Hypsometry (Hc), the asymmetric basin waterways (AF). In order to quicken in the research process was used of Arc GIS software and field survey for Ensure of (human actions).   <strong>3- Discussion </strong> The factors affected on creation of Garmsar alluvial fan can be divided into two parts of essentials and basic. The morphology and sediment are essential factors and the climate and hydrology are basic parameters. In Hablerod basin, slope (by the addition of runoff rate, faster delivery of erosion materials to downstream) is one of the important factors that create and transport alluvial materials and sediment, in the creation and extention of Garmsar alluvial fan. Hablerod basin is considered large watersheds, so this area is one of the factors in the creation of Garmsar alluvial fan. Garmsar fault with movement and precession of path Hablerod role plays role in locating on this fan. 22.84% of the Hablerod basin rocks are with low resistance or sensitive, 55.98 percent of rocks have the moderate strength and 21.18 percent of rocks have high strength. Therefore the type of basin rock is also one of the factors in sediment creation. Most basin debit rate occurred in months Mars and April.   <strong>4- Conclusion</strong> The various factors affect on the creation and extension of Garmsar alluvial fan. These factors can be divided into two categories: basic and essential factors. The morphology and sediment are essential factors, the climate, hydrology and human are basic factors in creation of Garmsar alluvial fan. Also basin poor lithology causes to weather more rapidly and increases the sedimentation. Basin climate with Temperature and precipitation affects on types of weathering, causing floods and etc. Basin hydrology with transport and deposition of sediment material is effective on creation Garmsar alluvial fan. On the one hand in recent years, the man efforts have increased sediment and on the other hand, by construct dam on the Hablerod have reduced sedimentation in the Garmsar alluvial fan.   مخروط‌افکنه‌ها پدیده غالب در نواحی خشک و نیمه خشک بوده و همانند سایر لندفرم‌ها دارای تغییر و تحولاتی هستند. مخروط افکنه گرمسار یکی از بزرگترین مخروط افکنه‌های ایران بوده حاصل زهکشی حبله رود است. این مخروط افکنه در دامنه جنوبی رشته کوه البرز قرار دارد. عوامل مختلفی در پیدایش و گسترش این مخروط افکنه تاثیر داشته و دارند. این عوامل را می‌توان به دو دسته عوامل موثر محوری و پایه تقسیم کرد. مورفولوژی (وسعت حوضه، شیب حوضه و وضعیت نو زمین‌ساخت) و رسوب عوامل موثر محوری، اقلیم، هیدرولوژی و انسان نیز عوامل موثر در شکل‌گیری مخروط افکنه گرمسار محسوب می‌شوند. در این پژوهش سعی شد با استفاده از داده‌های هیدرولوژیکی، اقلیمی و لرزه‌ای، شاخص‌های ژئومورفولوژیکی، روش تحلیلی عوامل مذکور مورد تحلیل قرار گیرند. نتایج نشان داد که وسعت حوضه آبریز حبله رود و فعال بودن وضعیت نوزمین‌ساختی نقش بسیار مهمی را در شکل‌گیری مخروط افکنه گرمسار ایفا کرده و می‌کنند. سستی و کم مقاومت بودن سنگ‌های حوضه نیز موجب می‌شود تا فرآیند هوازدگی با سرعت بیشتری صورت گیرد و باعث افزایش رسوب می‌شود. اقلیم خشک منطقه نیز با عناصر دما، بارش و تاثیرگذاری بر انواع هوازدگی، ایجاد سیلاب و غیره نقش خود را ایفا می‌نماید. شبکه‌های زهکشی منطقه که عمدتا تامین کننده جریانات عادی، برف آبی و سیلابی هستند، با حمل و نهشته‌گذاری رسوبات در شکل‌گیری اولیه و تغییر شکل‌های بعدی مخروط افکنه گرمسار موثر است. در سال‌های اخیر نیز انسان از یک طرف با اقدامات خود همانند چرای بیش از حد، قطع درختان و تبدیل آنها به زمین کشاورزی و غیره باعث افزایش رسوب شده و از طرف دیگر با ایجاد سد و غیره بر روی حبله رود سبب کاهش مقدار رسوب‌گذاری در مخروط افکنه گرمسار شده است. https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18595_dcb256a6ef135614845f26097793f383.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 24 2 2013 08 23 Analysing Indicators of Housing in Urban Areas Using a Similar Model to the Fuzzy Ideal Option and Lexicograph Sequential Technique (Case study: Townships of Ardebil Province) تحلیل شاخص‌های سکونتی در شهرستان‌های استان اردبیل با استفاده از روش شباهت به گزینه ایده‌آل فازی (نمونه موردی: نقاط شهری) 89 110 18596 FA علی زنگی آبادی دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران جابر علی‌زاده کارشناس ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 <strong>Extended Abstract</strong> <strong>1- Introduction</strong><strong><strong><br /></strong></strong> Human settlement mechanism has a fundamental role in the process of historical development of civilization. In this process, cities as the top level of accommodation have been the focus of this role. Cities are author, expander, and engine of development and they act as facilitator of expansion of development and innovation on hinterlands. Cities, particularly small towns, play carrying role of the economic, physical, social and cultural between regional cities and rural areas. Experience of different countries to look at the issue of housing indicators shows the great importance of the subject. In the meanwhile, the study of housing indicators in cities is important because expedite urbanization is accelerating the marginalization and it causes formation of unsafe settlements. Spread out of slum neighborhoods, causing unsightly and undesirable spaces, that the main problem of areas of the city are bad housing and poor health. The increase in poverty, poor access to decent housing and urban services, the emergence of slums and illegal settlements, marginalization and environmental destruction and ... has been ravages associated with urbanization. The adverse consequences of low standards of living in urban areas can be in various fields of social (Including increased mass delinquency), Cultural (including low levels of educational facilities) and physical (including the visual abnormalities). Due to the mentioned fact that on a hand and on the other hand the lack of research using new level modeling and development spatial analysis in Iran in general and Ardabil Province, in particular and also there are the deficiencies in studies communication with a desire range of urban residential areas, such studies look essential and care should be doubled.   <strong>2- Methodology</strong> Present Study is "analytical-descriptive" in which its the output can be applicated. Data required from library procedure and using statistical sources related to the 1385 Census was collected in Ardebil Province. In order to observe the accuracy of the calculation tries to be all the processing steps in the SPSS software. In order to consider the erosion of time, compare to research time, the four stages of Topsis fuzzy techniques were used to rank cities. While the calculation of weights for the index in the entire process, AHP method is applied and therefore the weighting of the Expert Choice software was used. The final composition of the results performed using the sequential Lexicography method. Finally, using cluster analysis and the levels detected with the aid of maps and software ARC \ GIS is displayed. The main indicators used in the study are includes the area of ​​housing with six subsets, including up to 75 square meter, between 75 and 100 square meter, 101 to 150 square meter, 151 to 200 square meter, 201 to 300 square meter, 301 square meter and more). Number of living rooms in each building (with a set of rooms, single rooms, double rooms, three rooms, four bedrooms, five bedrooms, six bedrooms and more) and how the building occupied accommodation (with five variables and the Lords of civilian areas, civilian Lords, rent, live as a free service) . <strong> </strong> <strong>3- Discussion</strong> In this study types of used materials are the most important indicators examined; so that the calculated coefficient for this indicator is 0.565. The best coefficient was awarded to the type of reinforced concrete with fuzzy coefficients of (0.56, 0.58, 0.6) and a metallic phase factor with fuzzy coefficient of (0.32, 0.34, 0.36) and other materials with (0.06, o.08, 0.1) ratio was fixed in the next rank. The Urban areas, townships of Nir, Namin and Ardebil respectively ranked first, second and third. In this regard the class of Nir Township in comparison to the other options is very impressive. Kosar has the worst possible conditions of a city. Finally, due to the calculation part of fuzzy Topsis techniques, 0.03, is gotten for material type of conflict rate calculated for the variables weight. For impressing the indicator of number of rooms in the spatial analysis of residential development indicators in urban areas, factor of 0.23 of computing binary indicator to the Expert Choice software was applied in the calculations. Germi Township with the best possible conditions in the province and the Kosar Township and Khalkhal are located respectively in the next. And Pars Abad has the worst possible condition. Finally, the conflict rate which is calculated to determine the weight room in the number of subsets 0.03 was obtained. How to capture the building, with the constant of (0.107) is the third order of worth. The indicator into the Lords by a factor of fuzzy subsets of the real estate (0.506, 0.526, 0.546), property of Lords with a phase factor (0.231, 0.251, 0.271), rent phase with points (0.109, 0.117, 0.137), occupied in the service of the fuzzy score (0.047, 0.067, 0.087) and a free hold property with a value of phase (0.02, 0.04, 0.06) is separated. Accordingly Urban areas, Townships of Namin, Nir, Kosar and Meshgin are located on the first level. In this category the urban areas, townships of Aredbil, Pars Abad and Germi respectively have the worst conditions. Also the calculated inconsistency rate to determine the rate subsets of how to capture the construction was obtained 0.03. In order to analyze the impact of built-up building on the spatial analysis of residential development indicators in the urban areas of Ardebil Province, factor of 0.98 was calculated from binary computing of indicators. In this category township of Ardebil Province is in the best possible conditionand the urban areas, townships of Bile Savar and Namin are in the next rankings respectively. In this category Kosar has the worst possible condition. Finally, in the calculations, 0.02 was calculated for inconsistency rate of the weights of the indicators of number of rooms. Finally, in order to achieve the same number of studies, Technique based on the results Lexicography order, was organized. All the major indicators of the type of materials used, manner of capture, number of rooms in the building of residential and  housing built-up, The weights of 0.565  , 0.107,  0.230 , 0 .098 in the Expert Choice software are obtained. Accordingly, the urban areas, townships of Nir and Namin are living in good condition that are two developed urban areas, townships of Ardebil Province. Urban areas, Townships of Germi, Bile Savar, Ardebil and Khalkhal cover four sides of semi-developed group. Urban areas, Townships of Meshgin, Kosar and Pars Abad are in the deprived group that required to be noticed more to reach the average level of the province.       <strong>4- Conclusion</strong> Gap between Urban areas, townships in terms of discussed indicators has been very impressive. This gap, particularly in relation to the type of used materials in the construction is more, so that the maximum gap between the most developed township and the most deprived township with (0.31) gap, is in this connection. This gap in how to capture the building with 0.22 gaps ranks second after the indicator of type of building materials in urban areas of Ardebil Province. In this context the following indicators (0.14) points for the number of rooms and (0.08) points for the built-up area is close to equilibrium. The highest correlation between indicators of the materials used in the built-up area and the residential intensity (0.633) is established. The worst condition in this field is relevant to number of rooms and Built-up Area indicators with correlation coefficient of (-0.483) is established. This should be said that the township of Pars Abad, Kosar and Meshgin city needs the most attention to bring a balance of Ardebil Province. Urban areas, Townships of Germi, Bile Savar, Ardebil and Khalkhal are located in the second phase of attention.  مسکن، امروزه نه تنها به عنوان یک سرپناه، بلکه به عنوان هویت، امنیت و منبع سرمایه در بین ساکنان یک شهر مطرح است. این مقوله که نقش تعیین کننده ای در شکل گیری شهرها داشته، از لحاظ شاخص‌های مختلف دچار مشکلات عدیده ای شده است. از طرف دیگر، شایان ذکر است که مناسب بودن مسکن از ابعاد مختلف نقش مهمی در آسایش روحی و روانی ساکنان دارد. بنابراین، شناخت شاخص‌های مسکن مناسب و تلاش در جهت تحقق سکونتگاه مطلوب، امر مهم در بحث توسعه پایدار شهری است. روش پژوهش حاضر «توصیفی- تحلیلی» است که شاخص‌های مورد بررسی متشکل از 21 شاخص مسکونی در چهار شاخص اصلی نوع مصالح به کار رفته در بنا، تعداد اتاق، نحوه تصرف و مساحت زیربنای ساختمان مطرح شده است که در چهار مرحله از تکنیک تاپسیس فازی برای رتبه بندی نقاط شهری شهرستان‌های استان اردبیل استفاده شد. ضمن آنکه در جریان انجام محاسبات وزنی برای شاخص‌ها در تمامی مراحل، روش AHP به کار رفته است. ترکیب نهایی نتایج به دست آمده با استفاده از روش لکسیکوگراف ترتیبی صورت گرفته است. در نهایت خروجی مطالعه به صورت نقشه و با کمک نرم افزار ARCGIS نمایش داده شده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که نقاط شهری دو شهرستان نیر و نمین گروه برخوردار را تشکیل می‌دهند، همچنین نقاط شهری چهار شهرستان گرمی، بیله سوار، اردبیل و خلخال در سطح نیمه برخوردار واقع شده اند و نهایتاً اینکه نقاط شهری سه شهرستان پارس آباد، کوثر و مشگین شهر جزو گروه محروم هستند. https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18596_061a9b86f7b6cc4417278a2aaaca1b4e.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 24 2 2013 08 23 The effect of 120-day winds on the safety of Sistan region تأثیر بادهای 120 روزه بر امنیت منطقه سیستان 111 128 18597 FA مرتضی کریمی استادیار جغرافیا، دانشگاه جامع امام حسین(ع)، تهران، ایران محمدحامد یزدانی دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا، دانشگاه جامع امام حسین(ع)، تهران، ایران افشین نادری دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 <strong>Extended Abstract</strong> <strong>1- Introduction</strong><strong><strong><br /></strong></strong> Sistan and Balouchestan climate is located in the dry and wild land (Khosravi, 2004:163-187). This climate moves the moist particles in the atmosphere because it is dry, since no other humid weather is being replaced, the relative humidity increases and causes the weather to be dried. In such circumstances increase in vaporization of the weather which cause the soil to have more moisture and prone to wind erosion. Wind erosion destroys the nutritive particles of the soil which are less than 2 m such as humus, clay and the soil salts. The wind erosion may move these particles to the remote areas in form of dust storms) Ranjbar et al. 2005:79. The recent studies show that 14 provinces of the country are affected by erosion winds; Sistan and Balouchestan province which is 229174 Hectare becomes the first in this category (Iran Manesh, 2007:26). In Sistan, desert is located in this region besides the important and populated cities such as Zabul, Zehak, Dust Mohammad, Hirmand and Adimi (census of Sistan and Balouchestan province 2006:42). This region is 15195 km² and its cultivate lands are 140 Hectare which Hirmand river passes among them, they included 67.2% of farms (Akbari Moghaddam and Ee’tesam, 1991:18). The morphologic and climatic features show the dominance of wild lands over this region One of the important factors that influence the creation of dust in the region, is the drought phenomenon. It has affected the regional development. Drought is one of the main factors of erosion. Inevitably the main factor of erosion in this region is dust and sand storms due to the 120 day winds of Sistan. Wind erosion reduces soil fertility, on the other hand destroys and bury the farm lands, buildings, industrial and infrastructure institutions out of lands (Negaresh: 2009:83-73), Which ultimately will have a significant impact on regional security in Sistan.   <strong>2- Methodology</strong> The basic of this assessment have been chosen according to the nature of subject, which are descriptive-analysis method and the library method for making notes out of data and sources of information. Since the field observations and maps are the most important tools of research in geography, we referred to the topographic maps of 1:50000 and 1:250000. It is tried to identify effective geographical ranges in order to get useful outcomes. So the current study is going to assess the complications of 120 day winds and dust caused by them through gathering maps and field observations. Then it suggests some approaches to reduce the effects and finally the safety load by them. <strong> </strong> <strong>3– Discussion</strong> Wind is an important factor for the exchange of heat, moisture and transmission of microscopic and nonmicroscopic elements from one place to another. These exchanges has important role climatically in human welfare or its disorders, either thermal or comfort in behavior. It is important to consider the direction and rate of the wind in this region compared to others which have deeper negative and positive welfare effects (Razjoyan, 1998:3). Different regional pressure in Sistan and Baluchestan causes local winds including north wind, west and east winds (EbadiNejad, 2010:474). The 120day winds of Sistan are famous in local winds of Iran between 4^th of June and 5^th of September. The rate is estimated by 110 to 170 km/h with the temperature of 75°^c) Khosravi, 1989:170. This region has suffered many damages. Dr Alijani in his book of Iran’s climate mentioned that wind blows from north eastern altitudes to the southern lands. He said these winds are very graceful and chilly in Alborz southern skirt, however when they passes over the dry lands of Kavir and Lout desert they become very warm and dry, so that they can ruin the vegetation and cause many irrevocable damages. The most important factors which have roles in the transfer of sandstorms are: wind, particle features, moist, vegetation, earth ruffling and soil salts. The sediments of the region are fine including 60% clay, 30% silt and 10% sand, so the fine-spun particles are based on the alluvial soil of the Sistan desert which causes the particles to move by a mild wind. Certainly many factors move the current sand in Sistan, one of which is the wind rate in dry seasons of the year. The 120day winds are so fast that make some massy dust in the sky and prevent any activity by people so that they make many disorders in public situation (Nourzehi, 1993:13). These winds carry the small particles of the soil and make 2-3 and 6-9 meter deep poles. The morphologic effects of the region are sandy deserts, mark ripples, sif and Barkhan which are made bywind erosions (Salighe, 2003:110). Lack of vegetation and the existence of soft and disjoint structuresin deserts which are caused by dry climate, provide a situation for wind geometric processes and cause multiple geometric phenomena and forms.   <strong>4– Conclusion</strong> The conclusion of this study shows that one of the factors which prevents the development of the region is dust and sand storms caused by 120day winds. The dusts are mainly created by 120day winds in the region studied. Dust and sand storms is a natural phenomenon that causes many damages to economic and social infrastructure institutions. Damages of the farms, gardens, water channels, connetion roads, airlines and village abandonment and migration of people from the region are affected by 120day winds. So they can affect the region safety directly and indirectly. In order to oppose this environmental factor, we should encounter this natural disaster by using the environment itself and implementing natural factors. So that some obstacles are made in the way of wind in order to reduce its strength under erosion threshold.  بادهای 120 روزه از مشهورترین و اثرگذارترین بادهای محلی ایران زمین است که تقریباً از 15 خرداد تا 15 شهریور بر بخش شرقی کشور حاکم می‌شود. نظر به این که رسوبات منطقه ریزدانه بوده و از حدود 60، 30 و 10 درصد به ترتیب برای رس، سیلت و ماسه تشکیل شده است، این ذرات با وزش باد ملایم، حرکت می‌نمایند بنابراین، بستر بسیار مناسبی برای طوفان‌های گرد و خاک و ماسه را فراهم می‌کند. این بادها تاکنون خسارات فراوانی را بر منطقه سیستان تحمیل کرده و امنیت شهرها را تحت تأثیر خود قرار داده است. در این مقاله سعی شده است به بررسی عوارضی پرداخته شود که نابسامانی‌هایی از قبیل خالی شدن روستاهای مرزی از سکنه، پر شدن چاه نیمه‌ها، بیماری‌های چشمی، لغو و تأخیر در پرواز هواپیماها، و انسداد راه‌های مواصلاتی را موجب شده است. این عوارض، مشکلاتی را در پی دارد که پیامد آنها می‌تواند امنیت منطقه را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد. روش انجام این تحقیق، توصیفی- تحلیلی بوده و اطلاعات آن نیز از طریق میدانی و با استفاده از GIS، گردآوری شده است. پژوهش حاضر در صدد است تا ابتدا به بررسی عوارض ناشی از بادهای 120 روزه پرداخته و سپس با ارائه راهکارهایی به کاهش اثرات و در نهایت کاهش بار امنیتی ناشی از آن بپردازد. https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18597_dfc9d72a3609cb349870a5fc420bcebc.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 24 2 2013 08 23 Synoptic analysis of extensive and persistent frosts in Iran تحلیل همدید یخبندان‌های فراگیرو بادوام ایران 129 140 18598 FA سید ابوالفضل مسعودیان استاد اقلیم شناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران محمد دارند استادیار اقلیم شناسی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 <strong>Extended Abstract</strong> <strong>1- Introduction</strong><strong><strong><br /></strong></strong> In the point of meteorological view, frost occurs when minimum temperature is below 0° centigrade degree. In total, frosts classified in two groups: a) Radiative Frosts and b) Advective frosts. Radiative frost is the most common form of the phenomenon. Nocturnal long wave (heat) radiation loss from the surface leads to the progressive reduction of surface temperature (and that of the adjacent air) between sunset and sunrise (Oke, 1987; Linacre and Geerts, 1997). Advective frost occurs under meteorological conditions that typically include the passage across a region of a large mass of very cold, dry air followed by a well-mixed, windy atmosphere and a temperature that is often subzero, even during the daytime(Scholefield, 1994; Davidson, 1997). The combination of factors such as those related to atmospheric circulation, radiative balance, soil humidity, topographic features(Muller et al., 2005) and local factors (for example, latitude and close to the  big water resources) are an example of the multiple processes taking part to produce a marked drop in temperature. The frosts have obvious effects on the energy, transportation and agriculture that among the three above-mentioned issues, frost temperature have the most effect on agriculture (Vega et al., 1994). The aim of this study is the synoptic analysis of the extensive and persistent frosts in Iran.   <strong>2-Data and Method</strong> In this study the interpolated minimum daily temperature data from Asfazari data base during 11/3/1962 to the 31/12/2004 has been used. The data base by using recorded minimum temperature in 663 synoptic and climatology stations and Kriging geo- statistic method has been interpolated for 15*15 kilometer pixels over Iran.  The matrix with 15706*7187 dimension created that days located on the rows and pixels were on the columns. This matrix was the base of calculation frost days in this study.  For recognition of extensive and persistent frosts, two criteria have been considered. The first one was that frost observed over 50 percent area of Iran. And the other one frost persistence over 3 days. These two criteria discriminate the Advective frost in contrast to Radiative frost type.   <strong>3- Discussion</strong> The results of cluster analysis on the sea level pressure data in the extensive and persistent frost days showed that 5 different synoptic atmospheric circulation patterns result in extensive and persistent frosts in Iran. The extensive and persistent frosts observed during cold seasons so that starts in November and ending in March. The highest frequency occurrence observed in January.  Pattern 1: In this pattern two strong anticyclones observed over Siberia and Europe. The low pressure of sub-polar is very extensive and strong. The displacement of sub-polar low pressure to the southern and eastern part of study region result in displacement of two high pressures of Europe and Siberia to the south and drive to the  Iran and occurrence of extensive frost. Pattern 2: In this pattern the high pressure with the two strong cores between Mongolia and Kazakhstan country. The sub-polar low pressure has been weak rather than pattern 1. Although the Siberian high is very strong in this pattern but the temperature decrease in Iran is weak. The reason is weakness and location sub-polar low pressure in west part. Pattern 3: In this pattern the geographic location of circulation atmospheric patterns is same as the pattern 1 but the sub polar low pressure is weak. The temperature decrease is accompanied to the occurrence and invasion of the cold air result in two high pressures over Europe and Siberia. Pattern 4: The geographic distribution of circulation atmospheric patterns in this pattern is same as the pattern 2 but the sub-polar low pressure is located in western statue. At the point of time view, the highest occurrence of this pattern is in February. Pattern 5: In this pattern the geographic distribution of atmospheric systems is very different to the other ones. The two high pressures over the Siberia and eastern part of Europe are observed. On the northern part of Russia, a weak low pressure is formed that control the behaviour of high pressures over the Siberia and Eastern Europe. <strong> </strong> <strong>4-Conclusion</strong> The results of analyzing sea level pressure during the occurrence of extensive and persistent extreme frost over the Iran showed that five atmospheric circulation patterns with different geographic distribution observed. In total in the some patterns the Siberia high presence alone. In the other ones the Siberia and Europe high observed together. If the sub polar low pressure has been strong and displacement to the south, result in displacement of two high pressure of Siberia and Europe to the south and negative temperature anomaly in Iran. Therefore, the sub polar low pressure role is indirect on the occurrence of extensive and persistent extreme frost over the Iran. The extreme extensive frost observed when the Siberia and Europe are presence together. The highest negative temperature decrease is observed over the Zagros, Alborz and north-eastern range mountains. The southern part of Iran and the south of Caspian Sea didn’t experience any frost in the study period.  در این پژوهش از داده‌های روزانه‌ی دمای کمینه‌ی درون یابی شده‌ی پایگاه داده اسفزاری در بازه‌ی زمانی 1/1/1340 تا 11/10/1383 استفاده شده است. برای تحلیل همدید و شناسایی روزهای همراه با یخبندان فراگیر و بادوام، دو معیار گستره و دوام در نظر گرفته شد. معیار فراگیری یخبندان روزی در نظر گرفته شد که دمای کمینه‌ دست کم در 50 درصد از گستره‌ی ایران زیر صفر درجه‌ی سانتی‌گراد باشد و از لحاظ دوام دست‌کم سه روز ادامه داشته باشد. برای روزهایی که دو شرط یاد شده را داشتند، داده‌های فشار تراز دریا از پایگاه مرکز ملی جو و اقیانوس‌شناسی امریکا(NCEP/NCAR)استخراج شد. سپس به کمک تحلیل خوشه‌ای با روش ادغام وارد داده‌های فشار تراز دریا دسته‌بندی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که 5 الگوی فشار تراز دریا با آرایش‌های متفاوت منجر به رخداد یخبندان‌های فراگیر و بادوام ایران زمین می‌شوند. همزمان با رخداد هر کدام از الگوها نقشه‌ی مربوط به میانگین دمای کمینه‌ی ایران نیز ترسیم شد. شدت یخبندان در مناطق مختلف ایران هماهنگ با مسیر زبانه‌های سامانه‌های جوی واچرخندی است. به نظر می‌رسد که نحوه قرارگیری، شدت و جابجایی کم‌فشار جنب‌قطبی مهم‌تر از شدت سامانه‌های واچرخندی سیبری و اروپایی است.    https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18598_038750567cdc4805bafe96a7edd0b042.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 24 2 2013 08 23 Geomorphological Disparity of Kavir Landscaps: (Case stady: Yazd Province) افتراق‌های ژئومورفولوژی مناظر کویری استان یزد 141 152 18599 FA محمدرضا نوجوان استادیار ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد میبد، ایران معصومه هاشمی کارشناس ارشد ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 <strong>Extended Abstract</strong> <br /><strong>1- Introduction</strong><strong><strong><br /></strong></strong> <br />Desert is one of the formic landscapes in the geomorphology of Iran. In spite of some ideas that consider this landscape unit as a type of wild land landscape, it is a geomorphic landscape itself. About 46.5 percent of the surface of Yazd province is made up of deserts and wild lands. The existence of such an extent of dry areas makes it necessary to pay attention to the potentials of the mentioned regions in the areas of land use planning. Therefore recognition and identification of this landscape and preparation of the development plans for utilizing them is inevitable. <br />Yazd province has 15 desert holes including Abarkooh, Siahkooh, Marvast, Tarigh o Reza, Taghestan, Bahadoran, Daranjir, Lootak, Porodeh, SiahTagh, Talle Hamid, Abgir, Allah Abad, Goorabkhoor, Saghand. In spite of their similarities in the concept of desert, they have different disparities and act as an effective component in their utilization or space organizing. <br />The purpose of this article, which is taken from a research design in Azad University of Meybod in Yazd, is to express the disparity of the deserts of Yazd province and modeling their effects on their methods of preparation and utilization which can be summarized as the following: <br />-          Classifying the deserts of Yazd province according to the criteria of earth morphology and their specific spatial characteristics <br />-          Determining the preparation priorities of  the deserts of Yazd province according to indicators and spatial patterns <br /><strong>2- Methodology</strong> <br />To achieve the research purposes, two different methods are used in this research: <br />1)        Form profile analysis <br />2)        Lound method in Nych space <br />In the first method, at first the deserts of Yazd province were divided into 15 regions. The division method was based on the ridge drainage networks that flew through desert holes. Then all the form and geo units that existed in the deserts of the province were separated by using topographic maps, satellite pictures, field visit and the DEM of the area. Then we made some models of the deserts. These models were merely based on the forms. In the second method, Lund model in Nych space was used in order to document numerically the desert disparities in the province. To calculate the variables of Lund model, nine parameters of the desert characteristics were identified and their measurability and their numerical evaluation were made possible. <br />The obtained data were arranged in the Nych space matrix. Then the space distance was calculated for each of the above components to show the disparity or the extent of the similarities of these characteristics in the 15 mentioned deserts. So, in this way the necessary conditions for comparing and classifying the deserts were prepared. <br />  <br /><strong>3- Discussion</strong> <br />In order to determine the disparity of the deserts of Yazd province, at first the deserts were separated based on the satellite pictures. Then by means of two different methods, arrangements were identified and the classification of the deserts of Yazd province was prepared. In the first method, which is a form of analytic method, a profile of each desert was prepared by documenting indexes of form and form units with the components and desert units of 15 deserts in Yazd province. These models, which were obtained based on numerical data of the DEM of Iran and topographic maps and field visiting, showed that 3 main groups, quite different in forms, were distinguishable in the deserts of Yazd. To document these disparities numerically, Lund model in Nych space was used. At the end of the calculations of Lund model, 3 different groups were obtained in such a way that the obtained data indicated their disparities. <br />  <br /><strong>Disparity of the deserts of Yazd province using form analytic model</strong> <br />Although every one considers all the deserts just as the deserts, during a journey and a scientific visit to 15 deserts in Yazd province and using longitudinal profile and observing desert landscapes of Yazd, this theory was developed that all desert holes do not have the same and equal circumstances but they follow specific form patterns. So the desert holes are classified based on their forms and their processes. The processes of desert holes in these regions determine their forms. Each process leads to a special form and depending on the kind of process that has happened in the desert hole, a special form will be formed and its form pattern is formed by following that form. Therefore it can be expressed that all deserts of Yazd province follow three form models: <br />1)     Evolution Erosion Tectonics like the deserts of Abarkooh, Daranjir, Taghestan and  Siahkooh <br />2)     Abortive Erosion like the deserts of Marvast and Bahadoran <br />3)     King Set Geomorphology like the deserts of Allah Abad, Goorabkhoor, Siahtagh, Lootak and Talle Hamid. <br />  <br />  <br /><strong>Geomorphic segregation of the deserts of Yazd province using Lund model</strong> <br />Lund model is a space model that can measure spatial distances between deserts. In fact we can use Lund model to find spatial distances between the deserts. Yazd province has several deserts and the disparity indexes of these deserts include a collection of climate and geomorphic differences that are considered as the nine following indexes in the areas under the study: temperature, raining, evaporation, height, Neotectonics, space, lake level, vegetation and sand zone. In order to increase the accuracy of the spatial distances between the deserts, we can consider other indexes. <br /><strong>Stages of performing Lund model</strong> <br /> <br />Step1: forming matrix of data based on M index and N choiceStep1: forming matrix of data based on M index and N choice <br />Step2: standardizing the data and forming standard matrix using Z relation <br />Step3: determining the extent of the disparity of each desert in relation to other deserts and forming disparity matrix <br /> <br /> <br />  <br /> <br /><strong> </strong> <br /><strong>The matrix of the differences between groups using Lund model</strong> <strong><br clear="all" /> </strong> <br /><strong>3- Conclusion</strong> <br />Deserts are one of the landscapes of Yazd province. In patterns of regional development we can't ignore the above landscapes. In this research the classification of the deserts of Yazd province was done by using both form model and Lund model. At the end of the calculations of Lund model 3 different groups were obtained in such a way that the obtained data indicated their disparity. In the first group of Lund model the similarity and congruency of classifications consistent with form method. In the other two groups although there is disparity in some cases, we can still see group similarities between them. In spite of having the same concept in these 15 deserts in Yazd, we should consider first that all of them do not have the same and equal potentials and second that few of them has tourist preparation priority and in some cases although desert preparation is possible, it doesn’t have priority in tourist activities. So it can be concluded that Yazd deserts have definitely some substantial differences of place and identity. Given the importance of the raised problem, the most important place and identity disparities of Yazd deserts are summarized as the following: <br />1)     The number of formic landscapes <br />2)     The existence of enduring civic centers <br />3)     The existence of Neotectonic activities <br />4)     The existence of wind base level and formation of sand masses <br />Therefore by studying the region forms, editing the formic models and Lund method, the spatial and identity disparity of Yazd province will become evident and will be confirmed.  کویر به عنوان یکی از چشم اندازهای غالب ژئومورفیک اثرگذاری نقش خود را در الگوی توسعه ی منطقه ای می‌تواند اعمال کند. اگرچه واژه کویر بصورت یک مفهوم کلی بکار می رود ولی بواسطه وجود تفاوت‌های موجود در بسیاری از ویژگی‌های این صحنه‌ها نمی-توان الگوی واحدی برای آمایش آنها تدارک نمود بنابراین، بیان افتراق این پدیده در استان یزد می‌تواند الگو‌های آمایشی آنها را نیز در سطح راهبردی مستند سازد. بنابراین، بیان و شناخت افتراق‌ها ی بنیادی این پانزده صحنه کویری در یزد مبانی تفاوت‌های آمایش آنها را می‌تواند برملا سازد. برای شناخت و بارز سازی افتراق کویرها در استان یزد به اتکا دو روش نیمرخ فرمی و تفاوت فاصله فضایی با استفاده از متد لوند نسبت به تبیین این تفاوت‌ها مبادرت شده است و در نهایت با طبقه بندی کویر‌های استان یزد در چند گروه همگرا سعی شده است افتراق‌ها وهمگرائی‌های هرگروه مشخص گردد. نتایج حاصل ازاین طرح که بر گرفته از یک طرح تحقیقاتی در دانشگاه آزاد میبد است، نشان می‌دهد که افتراق‌های بنیادی در این پانزده کویر وجود دارد. علی رغم تفاوت‌های گوناگون می‌توان مجموعه این کویر‌ها را در سه طیف همگرا طبقه بندی نمود. افتراق‌های مکانی در این کویر‌ها راهبرد‌های سامان دهی فضایی آنها را در طیف‌های گوناگون کارکردی تعریف می‌کند، بطوریکه می‌توان گفت هرواحد چشم اندازی یک جذابیت خاص، یک کاربری ویژه و یک راهبرد آمایشی خاص تعریف می کند. بنابراین، در آمایش اراضی و کویرهای استان یزد نمی توان یک مدل آمایشی را برای همه سطوح و کویرها توصیه نمود. https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18599_5e19d4856a8bed010adf2253598ea27e.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 24 2 2013 08 23 The Relation between Social Structure of Cities and Earthquake Vulnerability Case Study: Tehran City's Neighborhoods رابطه ساخت اجتماعی شهرها و میزان آسیب‌پذیری در برابر خطر زلزله مطالعه موردی: محلات کلانشهر تهران 153 174 18600 FA محمود قدیری استادیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران عبدالرضا رکن‌الدین افتخاری دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی روستایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 <strong>Extended Abstract</strong> <strong>1- Introduction</strong><strong><strong><br /></strong></strong> A review on theoretical changes shows that from 1970s on, the research on "vulnerability" and "disaster" pays attention to the reasons and explanation of socio-spatial differences of the vulnerability degree, in addition to concentrate on spatial distribution of damages and disasters, and they haven't contained themselves with natural forces, damages estimate and emergency response. However, the conducted researches in Iran merely focus on either physical-technical aspect or on different influences and consequences of hazard happenings. In fact, concentration on "hazard Intensity and resulted disaster" and also prevalence of "loss ideas and physical solution" is the feature of most vulnerability measurement and analysis of earthquake in Iran, including metropolis Tehran city.      While for the reduction of cities vulnerability to earthquake and making appropriate policies and strategies, first we should know why and how vulnerability in specific city spaces and among specific groups and people is concentrated. What formed the main question of this research as: what are the effective factors of changes? and what are the socio- spatial differences of Tehran city vulnerability to earthquake hazard?      In the search for explanatory theory, the review of theoretical literature shows three views: bio-physical, social structure and synthetic. From among, social structure theory focused on the relationship between socio-economical status of people and society groups, and their vulnerability degree to natural hazards. While in reverse, bio- physical theory with the focus on physical-technical aspects, ignores socio- economical aspects of vulnerability, and has no idea about which groups of people and why are more vulnerable. But according to social structure, it is unequal distribution of social and spatial resources, properties and chances in society that forms these socio-spatial differences of vulnerability. Accordingly, to explain the research problem theoretically, main concepts were concluded based on the social structure view, Includes: 1) Socio-Economic Status; 2) Neighborhood; 3) Socio-Spatial Segregation. Then, the conceptual- theoretical model was presented and base on that, 4 hypotheses offered.   <strong>2- Methodology</strong> To do experimental judgment, via "relational research method" first, sample volume of households calculated by Cochran's method. With classifying of Tehran metropolises neighborhoods in 4 classes and random choice of one neighborhood from each class; then sample households selected within sample neighborhoods systematically. Needed data gathered by household and expert questionnaires, and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Operational Definition of the main Concepts made such: 1) vulnerability Degree defined on the basis of "households risk taking potentiality against earthquake Hazard". With 9 components and 22 indicators then defined in scale measure; 2) socio-economical status defined in scale measure and by 4 components. Then, gathered data were analyzed by statistic test, include: One-way ANOVAs and Tukey-test at first hypotheses; and correlations methods, lineal regression and path analysis at other 3 hypotheses. Descriptive analysis was done by drawing suitable charts and figure. <strong> </strong> <strong>3– Discussion</strong> One-way analysis of variance with confirmation of the first hypotheses showed that the average of socio-economical status and the average of vulnerability in 4 neighborhoods differ significantly. This result shows more vulnerability concentration in those neighbors with lower socio-economical status average. So it proves the role of socio-spatial segregation and the influence of neighbor and status parameters in creates socio-spatial differences of vulnerability degree.Also, according to multiple regressions, 88 percent of differences of household vulnerability explained by linear combination of socio-economical status and neighborhood factors. The result, also, with confirmation of the second and third hypotheses showed that the neighborhood and status factors in turn by turns with coefficients of 0/878 and – 0/067 have more share in explanation of vulnerability degree in comparison with risk perception factor. Also, occupation, literacy and income factors in turn by turns with coefficients of 0/521, 0/205 and 0/201 have more shares in explanation in comparison with age, social capacity and migration situation. So, forth hypotheses confirmed also. <strong> </strong> <strong>4– Conclusion</strong> According to the findings of the research, vulnerability at society scale, including urban society, has socio- economical aspect, in addition to bio-physical aspect. So, analysis and vulnerability reduction of natural hazards at society scale needs systematic and integrated consideration in a holistic view. Ignoring socio-economical vulnerability aspects and status, and mere concentration on hazards and their effects can ruin vulnerability reduction policies due to ignoring half of the reality.      Thus vulnerability reduction and sustainable development are not merely social or spatial matters. They are, in fact, socio-spatial ones. So vulnerability reduction and planning management and achieving sustainable development requires considering both aspects.      In other words, disaster mitigation is a complicated process. And most of its parts can't be considered as disaster only, since they are related to development too.  Thus, Failing in managing key roots of poverty and underdevelopment means more vulnerability and failure in disaster management.      It necessary to be mentioned that since the city conditions are  reflex of the condition of broader society like regional and national; so stated guidelines and frames should be followed at different national, regional and local  levels simultaneously and reciprocally.    شناخت میزان آسیب‌پذیری نسبت به مخاطرات طبیعی و ریشه‌یابی علل تفاوتهای اجتماعی- فضایی آن، برای نیل به جامعه‌ای پایدار ضروری است. بر این اساس، مسأله این است که «میزان آسیب‌پذیری خانوارهای محله‌های جنوبی با خانوارهای محلات شمالی شهر تهران تفاوت داشته و بیشتر است»، ‌بنابراین، سوال اصلی پژوهش چنین طرح شد: «عوامل موثر بر تغییر و تفاوت اجتماعی- فضایی میزان آسیب‌پذیری شهر تهران در برابر خطر زلزله کدامند؟» جهت تبیین تئوریک، سه دیدگاه اصلی شناسایی و با محوریت دیدگاه ساخت اجتماعی، چارچوب نظری و فرضیه‌های پژوهش ارائه گردید. برای داوری فرضیه‌ها، روشهای «علی- مقایسه‌ای» و «همبستگی» انتخاب شد. حجم نمونه با روش کوکران محاسبه و نمونه‌گیری به روش خوشه‌ای انجام شد. داده‌ها نیز توسط پرسشنامه‌های خانوار و خبرگان، گردآوری و با روشهای واریانس یکطرفه، رگرسیون و تحلیل مسیر تحلیل شد. تحلیل‌‌ واریانس یکطرفه در تایید فرضیه اول نشان داد که میانگین‌های میزان آسیب‌پذیری و پایگاه اقتصادی- اجتماعی خانوارهای محلات چهارگانه، از تفاوت معناداری برخوردارند؛ مطابق ضریب تعیین رگرسیون چندگانه نیز، 88 درصد تغییرات میزان آسیب‌پذیری توسط ترکیب خطی عوامل محله، پایگاه و نگرش ریسک تبیین گردید. نتایج در تایید فرضیه‌های دوم و سوم نیز نشان داد که عوامل محله و پایگاه به ترتیب با ضریب تاثیر 878/0 و 067/0-، سهم بیشتری در تبیین تغییرات میزان آسیب‌پذیری نسبت به عامل نگرش ریسک دارند. در تایید فرضیه چهارم، عوامل شغل، سواد و درآمد نیز بترتیب با ضرایب برابر با 521/0؛ 205/0 و 201/0؛ نسبت به عوامل سن، سرمایه اجتماعی و وضع مهاجرت سهم بیشتری در تبیین داشتند. نتیجه اینکه: درجه آسیب‌پذیری مردم نه تنها به نزدیکی به منبع خطر، و یا رفتار سنتی؛ بلکه به جایگاه اجتماعی و فضایی آنها در جامعه نیز وابسته است. در این میان نقش اساسی را عوامل محله و پایگاه در بستر فرایند جدایی‌گزینی اجتماعی- فضایی ایفا می‌نمایند. https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18600_d0fe32a9666d93258ad9c01ba6146fb0.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 24 2 2013 08 23 Assessment and conformance of geomorphologic and seismologic evidence of active tectonic in Central Zagros area بررسی و تطبیق شواهد ژئومورفولوژی و لرزه شناسی زمین ساخت فعال در محدوده زاگرس مرکزی 175 192 18601 FA رسول شریفی نجف آبادی استادیار ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، اصفهان، ایران مسعود معیری دانشیار ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران حسنعلی غیور استاد هیدرولوژی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران همایون صفایی دانشیار زمین شناسی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران عبداله سیف استادیار ژئومورفولوژی، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 <strong>Extended Abstract</strong> <strong>1- Introduction</strong><strong><strong><br /></strong></strong>       <strong> </strong> Active faults are located in those parts of earth crust with tectonic movements in the post-Quaternary period and especially in Holocon epoch and are expected to have hazardous occurrences in future. The previous studies performed using geomorphologic indices on the other global parts, revealed the efficacy of them in identification of active faults.  There are a variety of discussions regarding selecting and using active tectonic geomorphologic indices, their relationships and analysis procedures of the obtained results.  In the present work, Central Zagros area was selected and assessed that included head branches of Dez River, Zayandehroud River, and Karoon River and is located in both sides of Main Zagros Fault, Sanandaj-Sirjan zone and high Zagros zone.   <strong>2- Methodology</strong>     For assessing the mentioned-above indices, a digital elevation model (DEM) related to SRTM topographic data at the accuracy of 90 m was provided for the whole studied area. Then, the measurements of drainage map drawing, sub-basin divisions, and indices were obtained by using ARCMAP, ARC VIEW, and GLOBALMAPER Softwares and the obtained results were displayed. To determine the relative tectonic activity index (Iat), an integrated index should be selected as a representative for each of the mentioned features. Therefore, a correlation was assessed among different indices and an index with the highest correlation with other indices involved in assessing a special feature was selected to be applied integrating with other indices for measuring Iat.  Thus, the considered index (Iat) was calculated and zone-flatting was done accordingly. Then, the obtained map was compared to the historical seismic maps and instrumental recorded seismograms in related to the zone. Finally, the obtained results were analyzed.     <strong>3-Discussion</strong>     In this study, seven geomorphologic features were assessed as their indices including index of earth uplift and relief, index of Drainage Basin Shape, Basin Transverse Symmetric Index, index of River Gradient, index of River Sinuosity, index of mountain front sinuosity, index of valley shape.  The analyses showed that indices for basin transverse symmetric feature were not efficient in the studied zone because of the intensity of morpho tectonic and low degree of freedom in rivers.  Also, among the other indices, there are better correlations among Index of Hypsometric Integral (Hi), Index of Basin elongation ratio (Re), Index of River Gradient (SL), Index of River Sinuosity (S), Index of Mountain Front Sinuosity (Smf), and Index of valley floor width to valley height (Vf). Through integrating these indices, relative tectonic activity index (Iat) was calculated. This index shows an increase of tectonic activity from Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone toward High Zagros Zone. And this finding is concurrent with the obtained results from the historical seismic maps and instrumental recorded seismograms showing that Main Zagros Recent Fault (MZRT), Main Zagros Fault (MZRF), and High Zagros Fault (HZF) had more tectonic activity in compared to Rokh and Daran Faults.       In the southern west side of whole Zagros Fault and high Zagros fault zone, there is a remarkable increase in the number and intensity of the occurred seism from northern west side to southern east side. In the furthermost of southern east zone, the seism occurred as 5.4 and 5 Richter on 6 April 1977 and 20 Oct 2005 in Naghan and Sarkhun, respectively. Both events caused huge life and financial losses. But, on the other hand, there is as reverse trend for zone-flatting based on Iat, and Iat decreases remarkably from northern west (Dez Basin) towards southern east (Karoon Basin). Two interpretations can be provided for this finding: First, fault movements in southern west occur as still creep; therefore, there is no chance for great earthquake. Second, in future there will be a probability for occurrence of great earthquake in this zone. This can be hazardous for Rudbar Dam.   <strong>4-Conclusion</strong>     Through the performed studies, indices for Hi, Re, SL, S, Smf, and Vf showed better correlations in compared to other indices. Through integrating these found indices, relative tectonic activity index (Iat) was defined and tectonic zone-flatting was performed accordingly. The obtained results showed an increase of tectonic activity from Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone toward high Zagros zone that this finding is in concurrent with the obtained seismic results. But in high Zagros zone, there is a remarkable increase in number and intensity of the occurred earthquakes from northern west toward southern east that this finding is not in concurrent with the obtained results from Iat and shows a reverse trend. It is a sign for movements of faults as still creep in northern west zone or it is a warning for a probable great earthquake in this zone. هدف از این مقاله بررسی انواع ویژگی‌های ژئومورفولوژی مناطق فعال و شاخص‌های مربوط به آن‌ها، جهت انتخــاب و معرفی شاخص‌های مناسب برای منطقه زاگرس و تطابق نتایج به دست آمده با مطالعات لرزه شناسی دستگاهی و تاریخی می باشد. به این منظور یک مدل رقومی ارتفاع از داده‌های توپوگرافی SRTM با دقت 90 متر برای بخشی از زاگرس مرکزی تهیه شد. سپس در محیط‌های نرم افزاری آرک مپ، آرک ویو و گلوبال مپر ترسیم آبراهـه‌ها، تقسیم بندی زیر حوضــه‌ها و اندازه گیری شاخص‌ها انجــام گرفت. آنگاه در محیط Spss بین شاخص‌های مختلف همبستگی برقرار شده و مشخص شد که در این محدوده شاخص‌های تقارن حوضه(T وAf) مفید نبوده و ممکن است باعث ایجاد ابهام شوند. همچنین، شاخــص‌هایVf,Smf,Re,Hi در مقایسه با شاخــص‌های V,Facet%, Bs,V/A همبستگی بهتری با همدیگــر دارند. در نتیجه، شاخص‌های Vf,Smf,S,SL,Re,Hi مناسب‌ترین شاخص‌هایی می باشند که با ترکیب آن‌ها شاخص نسبی زمین ساخت فعال (Iat) تعریف شده و پهنه بندی منطقه بر اساس آن صورت گرفت. نتایج به دست آمده افزایـــش فعالیت زمین ساختی از زون سنندج ـ سیرجان به سمت زون زاگرس بلنـــد را نشان می دهد که این موضوع با نتایــج به دست آمده از زمین لرزه‌های دستگاهی و تاریخی همخوانی دارد. اما در محدوده زاگرس بلند، این شاخص حکایت از افزایش فعالیت‌های زمین ساختی از سمت جنوب شرقی به سمت شمال غربی را دارد؛ در حالی که در این مسیر، شدت زمین لرزه‌ها کاهش می یابد. این موضوع به دو صورت قابل توجیه است: یا این که جابجایی گسل‌ها در بخش شمال غربی، بیشتر به صورت خزشی و آرام بوده و یا این که در آینده احتمال وقوع زمین لرزه‌های بزرگی در این محدوده وجود خواهد داشت. در هر دو صورت این موضوع می تواند برای سد در حال احداث رودبار خطرناک باشد. https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18601_6ea0fe7fb2c214844016026e76d1520d.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 24 2 2013 08 23 The Effective Bioclimatic Indices on Evaluating Human Comfort (ACase Study: Shiraz City) شاخص‌های زیست اقلیمی مؤثر بر ارزیابی آسایش انسان (مطالعه موردی: شهر شیراز) 193 210 18602 FA مسعود صفایی پور دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران مهران شبانکاری استادیار اقلیم شناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران سید طیبه تقوی دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 <strong>Extended Abstract</strong> <strong>1- Introduction</strong><strong><strong><br /></strong></strong>       Knowing climatic potentials as the background of human activities, constitutes the base for most of the environmental planning and logistics of land; therefore, the majority of the planning of urban development, construction, habitat, architectural, and tourism expansion is perfectly assured when it is accompanied by weather cognition and the use of its various potencies. The most ancient studies and models for knowing and for the degree of influence of climatic elements on human organism along with its bioclimatic diagrams have been done by Bogda in Nigeria (2003) who compared different indices with each other such as Mahani (Evanza) indices, bioclimatic diagram, and the effective temperature. Morillon-Galvez (2004) provided a human bioclimatic atlas Mexico by analyzing given climatic data based on indices of (Olgyay and Givoni). Bouden and Grab (2005) also examined thermal comfort in five cities of Tunisia in two regions. Toy and colleagues (2007) studied and determined the bioclimatic comfort in three different land uses, urban, rural, and urban-sylvan region, in the city of Erzurum in Turkey. In recent years, studies have been done in resort climatology of Arizona in USA by Hartz and colleagues (2006), thermal comfort in Sun Moon Lake by Lin and Matzarakis (2008), and determination of bioclimatic comfort in Erzurm-Rize expressway corridor by using Geographical Intelligence System (GIS) by Zengin and colleagues (2009).       The bulk of studies done in the context of evaluating the bioclimatic of Iran embody various subjects. Some of these studies have investigated the evaluation of only bioclimatic and human comfort conditions, such as Kaviani (1372), Jahanbakhsh (1377:68), Zolfaghari (1386:129), Mohammadi and Saeedi (1387:45), Mahmoodi (1387:44) and Nazemosadat and Majnoni Haris (1387:71). Another group of studies has evaluated bioclimatic of building by indexes of Mahani, Givoni, and Terjung. Some of them are Movahedi and Asakereh (1370), Najar Salyghe (1383: 144), (Khoshhal: 1385) and Shahbakti and Shafiee (1389:59-63). The other group of studies also investigates bioclimatic of Iran in relation with tourism activities, such as Bazrpash and colleagues (1387:94), Sari Sarraf (1389:63), Farajzadeh and Ahmadi (1389:31-42), and Farajzadeh and Matzarakis (2009:545).   <strong>2- Data and Methodology</strong>       In the present study, monthly given data of climatic elements of Shiraz with 39-yearly statistical period (1971-2009) and with the help of models and bioclimatic indexes of Terjung, Baker, effective temperature, neurotic pressure, and TCI have been evaluated and the best time (months) for planning the environmental activities have been determined in order to reveal the best conditions for human comfort during a year. <strong> </strong> <strong>3- Discussion</strong>       Since Shiraz ,one of the biggest and most populated cities of Iran, has been considered as one of the biggest tourism-industrial poles, the present study while using the most reliable empirical models tries to analyze the bioclimatic conditions of Shiraz from two perspectives: its thermal qualities, and its physiological influences, and a suitable model has been offered for determining the degree of comfort, or the lack of comfort in the studied region during days, months, years, and seasons.       Terjung index reveals that Shiraz during months of January, Febuary, March, April, November, and December has very cool physiological conditions. Months of July and August have hot bioclimatic conditions. Physiological conditions are moderate during months of May June, September, and October. In the method of Baker, during cold period of the year (months of December, January, Febuary, March) moderate changes of human bioclimatic as a result of cool and cold weather is observed in Shiraz. Environmental conditions in spring change from relative stimulus and pressure to moderate and mild conditions. Environmental conditions during summer are tolerable, and in spring because of having moderate, mild weather, they are suitable for human comfort.       The results of analyzing Tourism Climate index (TCI), show that months April and November have the best climatic condition (the excellent degree) for comfort. The months of December, January, Febuary, March by sitting in the group of good degree have the relative appropriate conditions for environmental activities. Shiraz is not suitable for tourism activities during the months of June until September because of its low degree and the lack of conditions for comfort.       There are conditions of comfort in neurotic pressure index during the months of June until October. May and October have cool conditions of comfort while the months of April and November have very cool coefficient of comfort. Coefficient of comfort is cold during the months of January, Febuary, March, and December, and finally August has warm coefficient with conditions of comfort .In Effective Bioclimatic Indexes during the months of may until October conditions of comfort while the months of July and August have warm conditions and the other months have very cool conditions.       The study and comparison of indexes reveal that the best conditions of comfort for environmental activities in Shiraz from time perspective are in May, Juan, and October. During the cold period of every year (from November to April), Shiraz is excluded from the limits of bioclimatic comfort because of its very cool bioclimatic conditions. It also has warm and unfavorable bioclimatic conditions during July and August. As a whole, spring with its unique conditions for human comfort is the best season for environmental and tourism activities in Shiraz.    <strong>4- Conclusion</strong> <strong>  </strong><strong>  </strong><strong>  </strong>The analysis of human comfort by using bioclimatic indexes reveals that bioclimatic index of Shiraz mostly has a wide range of variety during the year and changes from warm conditions to very cool conditions. Despite trivial differences, all indexes present the same aspects of climatic comfort of Shiraz. <strong>      </strong>The analysis and comparison of bioclimatic indexes reveal that from time perspective the best conditions for environmental activities Shiraz is in May, June, September and October. Duringcold period of year (from December to March), Shiraz is excluded from the limits of bioclimatic comfort because of its very cool bioclimatic conditions. It also has warm and unfavorable bioclimatic conditions during July and August. As a whole, spring with its unique conditions for human comfort, is the best season for environmental and tourism activities in Shiraz.   شناخت پتانسیل‌های طبیعی، به عنوان بستر فعالیت‌های انسانی پایه و اساس غالب برنامه ریزی‌های محیطی و آمایش سرزمین را تشکیل می‌دهد. در این راستا ویژگی‌های اقلیمی و عناصر غالب آن در پراکندگی فضایی و شکل‌گیری رفتار محیطی جوامع انسانی نقش تعیین کننده‌ایی ایفا می‌کنند تا آنجا که امروزه مطالعات و بررسی‌های بیوکلیمای انسانی، پایه و اساس برنامه ریزی‌های شهری، عمرانی، سکونتگاهی، معماری، جهانگردی و غیره است. در این پژوهش، آسایش یا عدم آسایش انسان در شیراز بر اساس مدل‌ها و شاخص‌های زیست اقلیمی بیکر، ترجونگ، فشار عصبی، دمای مؤثر و (TCI) با استفاده از داده‌های آماری 39 ساله (1389-1350) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و بهترین زمان برای انجام فعالیتهای محیطی وگردشگری در این شهر تعیین شد. نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که شاخصهای بیوکلیمایی مورد استفاده، توانایی آشکارسازی دوره‌های آسایشی و عدم آسایش شیراز را دارند و با وجود تفاوت‌های جزئی، نمودهای نسبتاً همگونی از اقلیم آسایشی این شهر ارائه می‌دهند. بررسیها نشان داد که شیراز در طول سال با داشتن تنوع بیوکلیمایی،از شرایط گرم تا بسیار خنکی برخوردار است؛ طی فصول زمستان و تابستان از محدوده آسایش زیست اقلیمی خارج است و با آغاز فصول بهار و پاییز در ماه‌های گذار از سرما به گرما (فروردین) و گرما به سرما (آبان) اقلیم شیراز به شرایط آسایش انسانی نزدیک می‌شود. در مجموع بهار با شرایط منحصر بفرد آسایش انسانی، بهترین فصل برای انجام فعالیت‌های محیطی و گردشگری در شیراز است. https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18602_45f2ab30b3cd472552ba79726db369ec.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 24 2 2013 08 23 Residence Security, the Organization Key to Informal Settlements Case Study: Tehran Metropolis District (Eslamshahr, Nasim Shahr, and Gulistan) and Karaj in Alborz Province امنیت سکونت، کلید ساماندهی سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی مورد مطالعه: حوزه کلانشهر تهران (اسلامشهر، نسیم شهر و گلستان) و کرج در استان البرز 211 222 18603 FA ابوالفضل مشکینی استادیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران یداله صادقی دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران محمد اکبری دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 <strong>Extended Abstract</strong> <strong>1- Introduction</strong><strong><strong><br /></strong></strong> The informality of possession and lack of security in residence are among the characteristics attributed to theinformal settlements, as well as, they are a key to other problems’ solutions. This essay investigates some of the typical cases of Iran’s informal settlements, and this intends to find out the possession conditions, as well as, the conditions necessary for the recognition of the informal settlements. The researchers’ question is, “whether the possession and formality problems are observed in all or majority of the study settlements?” The aim is the understanding of the important basic common problems in these areas in order to attain the appropriate policies. <strong> </strong> <strong>2- Methodology</strong> In this study the research method is descriptive –analytic; besides, it has exploited the quantitative method utilizing the formal statistics, organizational documents and proofs, research projects, and square observations. Tehran metropolis district in Tehran province and Karaj in Alborz province are chosen as case studies.   <strong>3- Discussion</strong> As findings have shown, the land possession in most pertinent quarters of the study cities have been in the form of informal documents, and the inhabitants do not possess formal documents. For example, above 96% of the inhabitants living in Karaj‘s informal quarters do not possess formal documents.       <strong>4- ConclusionT</strong> <strong>T</strong>he findings have shown that, the important common problem of all these informal settlements is the residence possession’s informal essence and the lack of security in residence. Therefore, the codification and application of some policies and rules for solving this problem are among the most primary and basic proceedings that are necessary for organizing these informal settlements.  یکی از ویژگی‌های سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی که از آن بعنوان کلید حل سایر مشکلات نام برده می‌شود، مساله رسمی نبودن مالکیت و نبود امنیت در سکونت است. این مقاله به بررسی نمونه‌هایی از سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی در ایران پرداخته است و هدف از آن، پی بردن به شرایط مالکیت و شرایط رسمیت سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی است. مسأله حاضر این است که آیا مشکل مالکیت و رسمیت در اغلب یا همه سکونتگاه‌های مورد مطالعه کشور حاکم است؟ هدف، فهم مشکلات پایه ای مهم و مشترک در آنها برای سیاستهای مناسب است. روش تحقیق در این پژوهش، توصیفی- تحلیلی بوده و در آن از روش کمی با استفاده از آمارهای رسمی، اسناد و مدارک سازمانی و طرح‌های تحقیقاتی در کنار مشاهدات میدانی بهره‌گیری شده است. برای بررسی موردی، حوزه کلانشهر تهران، در استان تهران و کرج در استان البرز انتخاب گردید. همانگونه که یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد، نحوه تصرف زمین در بیشتر محلات مورد بررسی در شهرهای مورد مطالعه، بصورت قولنامه‌ای بوده و افراد فاقد سند رسمی هستند. برای نمونه، نحوه تصرف بالاتر از 96 درصد ساکنین محلات غیررسمی کرج بصورت قولنامه‌ای است. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که مشکل مهم و مشترک در تمام سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی، رسمیت نداشتن سکونت مالکیت و فقدان امنیت در سکونت است. بنابراین، تدوین و اجرای سیاست‌ها و قوانینی برای حل این مشکل، از ابتدایی‌ترین و اساسی ترین اقدامات برای ساماندهی سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی است. https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18603_ad978369a2c92edb2ba78febed0719cf.pdf

دانشگاه اصفهان جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی 2008-5362 24 2 2013 08 23 Assessing Spatial Distribution of Tabriz Parks by GIS (Compared Network Analysis and Buffering) ارزیابی توزیع فضایی پارک‌های شهری تبریز با استفاده از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی GIS (روش تطبیقی تحلیل شبکه و بافرینگ) 223 234 18604 FA ابوالفضل قنبری استادیار جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران محمد قنبری دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران Journal Article 2016 06 14 <strong>Extended Abstract</strong> <strong>1- Introduction</strong><strong><strong><br /></strong></strong>      Today the concept of cites is unimaginable without different green spaces. In cites and specially big and industrial cites green spaces have differ functions. So green space has caused to improve cities environments in one hand and it has been provided appropriate situations for spending free times in other hand. The importance of urban green spaces can not be ignored in cites sustainability, physical and natural effects on urban systems and different ecological, economical and social outputs. By this approach green space can be defined as external place by significant vegetation and semi natural regions.      Tabriz urban parks and parks under construction involve 1174 hectare. This figure is significant compared to other cites in Iran. Although this figure seems appropriate but most of the parks under construction are located outside of urban areas. There is no similar access to these parks so the chance to visit is reduced. In this article the manner of aces to urban parks has been analyzed by network analysis method in GIS and the results have been compared by Buffering analysis method in GIS under Spatial Analysis.   <strong>2- Methodology</strong>      In this article the network analysis and buffering methods have been used for evaluating spatial distribution of Tabriz urban parks. In network analysis method the parks are considered as central places and links are routs connecting citizens to urban parks. Nodes are intersection of links. Urban maps in scale of 1:15000 and Spot satellite images have been employed in order to define case study district (Tabriz), identification and drawing and establishment of urban passages and parks layers. In this relation the primary databases for network analysis and buffering of establishment and mapping of urban passages (highways, main and secondary streets and alleys) and also service centers (urban parks) have been extracted. Each extracted map was converted to criterion map in GIS for analysis. GIS was employed in order to enter data. The Auto desk map (2009), Arc GIS 9.3 and Excel were used for entering and saving of the data and designing of GIS database. The studied zone urban passages network was drawn in Auto desk map (2009) then it was entered in GIS and the topology was specified in Arc catalog then by new network extension and the passages network was prepared for analysis in GIS. The constructed layer for urban parks was entered into GIS. The confines were applied by software Network Analyze. The UTM was selected for all maps based on limitation of network analysis and according to this fact that the technical transportation sped of a person during walking in normal case is estimated in range of 0.75-1.2m/s. The speed of a person was considered 1.1m/s in this research. The speed of a person and route traveled from home to park has been the basic of this research.      Buffering in GIS under Spatial Analysis is other method for comparison with network method. This method and its scope can be beneficial in simple analyses and in general view of a researcher. The confine for urban installation and servicing is considered 800-1000 meter. In this research it is 800 meter.   <strong>3- Discussion </strong>       Straight Line Distance was used for establishing limit for green space in Tabriz. It is a common function of spatial analyst. It is useful in finding near Straight Line Distance and map of competency level. But from the author view point it can be beneficial in establishing air routes .According to green space limit in Tabriz there are areas in coverage of green space limit but there is no standard in access and servicing (universal standard). Since accesses and barriers can be preventive factors that cause to traffic and disorder in servicing urban facilities (green space) and limits opportunity of visit of urban green spaces in spite oh being in district from buffering view point.      The analysis of buffering of Tabriz green spaces showed that in spite of having coverage of more than 11130 hectare in distance of 800 meter there is disorder from special distribution since in this analysis we encounter with area without services. Total servicing of urban parks is 3127 hectare in network analysis that approximately 1.3 urban parks servicing is done by buffering method. This difference between real and abstract servicing in network analysis and buffering is resulted from improper localization of urban parks.   <strong>4- Conclusion</strong>      This research evaluates urban parks servicing by emphasize on equality concept. The evaluation method is based on parks spatial distribution by following results:      1- At first parks spatial distribution analysis with buffering method can be efficient for simple and general analyses.      2- The area of servicing in map of network analysis in evaluation of urban parks spatial distribution involves 1/3 of map of servicing area in buffering analysis in GIS that indicates improper distribution of urban green space according to optimal time of access to urban facilities.      3- Vacant areas from urban parks servicing involves% 80 in network analysis and it is %26 in buffering analysis in Tabriz.      4- The spatial distribution is improper in Tabriz in spite of possessing expanded urban parks.      5- According to this fact that the access ways, barriers and time are considered in network analysis they are important in urban parks spatial distribution management.  امروزه مفهوم شهرها بدون فضای سبز در اشکال گوناگون آن، غیر قابل تصور است. فضای سبز در شهرها، به ویژه در شهرهای بزرگ و صنعتی، دارای عملکردهای مختلفی می‌باشند. بنابراین فضای سبز از یکسو موجب بهبود وضعیت زیست محیطی شهرها شده، از سوی دیگر شرایط مناسبی را برای گذران اوقات فراغت شهروندان مهیا می‌سازد. نمی توان از اهمیت و نقش فضای سبز شهری در حیات و پایداری آنها و تأثیرات فیزیکی و طبیعی آن در سیستم شهری و بازدهی‌های مختلف اکولوژیکی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی آن چشم پوشی نمود. با این رویکرد فضای سبز شهری را می‌توان به عنوان مکان‌های بیرونی با مقادیر برجسته ای از حیات گیاهی و وجود عمده ای از مناطق شبه طبیعی تعریف نمود. مجموع پارک‌های شهری در تبریز به احتساب پارک‌های در حال احداث 1174 هکتار است که در مقایسه با دیگر شهرها در ایران نسبتاً بزرگ می‌نماید. اگر چه این اندازه ممکن است مطلوب به نظر آید اما بیشتر پارک‌های در حال احداث در بیرون از مناطق شهری مکان یابی شده اند. و شعاع دسترسی ساکنان شهر به این پارک‌ها به یک اندازه نیست. بنابراین فرصت برای دیدار از آنها به حداقل می‌رسد. در این پژوهش با استفاده از روش تحلیل شبکه در محیط GIS نحوه دسترسی معابر به پارک‌های شهری تحلیل شده و نتایج با روش تحلیل بافرینگ در محیط GIS تحت Spatial Analyzes مقایسه شده است. نتایج تحقیق حاضر نشان می‌دهد که در تحلیل ساده بافرینگ در محیط GIS مساحت سرویس دهی پارک‌های شهری 11130 هکتار است که حدود 74% از کل شهر را تحت پوشش قرار می‌دهد. و مجموع سرویس دهی پارک‌های شهری در تحلیل شبکه 3127 هکتار (حدود 20% از کل شهر) است که حدوداً سرویس دهی پارک‌های شهری در روش بافرینگ است. این اختلاف بین قابلیت سرویس دهی واقعی و انتزاعی در روش تحلیل شبکه و بافرینگ عمدتاً ناشی از مکان یابی نامناسب پارک‌های شهری است. چنانچه در این پژوهش نیز مشهود است بررسی موقعیت واقعی پارک‌های شهری با روش تحلیل شبکه در محیط GIS رویکردی هدایت شده، بهینه و روشی عملی در فهم و مدیریت فضای پارک‌های شهری است. زیرا که شعاع دسترسی جزو مهمترین فاکتورها در برنامه ریزی شهری به شمار می‌آید. https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_18604_c49e99c3fa205520e7b93944cb679749.pdf