University of Isfahan Geography and Environmental Planning 2008-5362 28 4 2018 02 20 An Investigation of Morphological Changes of Azadroud River Pattern using Geometric Indices An Investigation of Morphological Changes of Azadroud River Pattern using Geometric Indices 1 16 22454 10.22108/gep.2017.98177.0 FA Mohammad Hossein Rezaei Moghaddam Department of Geomorphology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Mohammad Reza Nikjoo Department of Geomorphology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Hesam Maleki Student of geomorphology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Journal Article 2015 12 26 River pattern variations are one of the most important river engineering issues. In order to achieve this goal, using field observations, a 1: 1000 topographic map was prepared and extracted using Landsat and Google Earth satellite images in the GIS environment of the studied areas. By digitizing the river route in AutoCAD, the geometric parameters of the river (central angle, relative radius, plan shape, torsional coefficient) were calculated on the images. The results indicated that in Azad River, the winding river at 40% relative has a radius of more than 3.5. In 30% relative radius bends in river is 1.5 to 3.5. In addition, about 30 percent of the stress concentration around the inner corners is the main river. According to the findings, the probability of serious and significant changes in the period of study, Azad River is small. Intervals that are unstable are likely to need special attention in the context of their privacy be determined. Among the intervals, there are nine critical intervals that include intervals of 58,56,47,41,29,26,24,20,18. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the bed boundaries. River pattern variations are one of the most important river engineering issues. In order to achieve this goal, using field observations, a 1: 1000 topographic map was prepared and extracted using Landsat and Google Earth satellite images in the GIS environment of the studied areas. By digitizing the river route in AutoCAD, the geometric parameters of the river (central angle, relative radius, plan shape, torsional coefficient) were calculated on the images. The results indicated that in Azad River, the winding river at 40% relative has a radius of more than 3.5. In 30% relative radius bends in river is 1.5 to 3.5. In addition, about 30 percent of the stress concentration around the inner corners is the main river. According to the findings, the probability of serious and significant changes in the period of study, Azad River is small. Intervals that are unstable are likely to need special attention in the context of their privacy be determined. Among the intervals, there are nine critical intervals that include intervals of 58,56,47,41,29,26,24,20,18. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the bed boundaries. https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_22454_a6189f3d0aa6816b825ca209ffb22e11.pdf

University of Isfahan Geography and Environmental Planning 2008-5362 28 4 2018 02 20 Analysis and Evaluation of Geotouristic Potentials of Zarivar Lake Analysis and Evaluation of Geotouristic Potentials of Zarivar Lake 17 32 22453 10.22108/gep.2017.98276.0 FA Ali Akbar Taghilo Associate Professor of Geography and Rural Planning, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Sayyad Asghari Associate Professor of Geomorphology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardebil, Iran Naser Soltani Assistant Professor of Political Geography, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran Ahmad Aftab Ph.D. in Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Literature & Humanities, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardebil, Iran Journal Article 2016 05 16 Industrial tourism is a very suitable and economically profitable industry that has been highly regarded today by creating cultural and social exchanges between different nations due to the lack of environmental contaminations. Natural attractions of each country have an important role in attracting tourists. Geotourism is a branch of ecotourism in which the visitor seeks to observe geomorphological attractions, ancient finds of anthropology, caves, mineral charm, and so on. Zarivar Lake in Kurdistan province is one of the most beautiful places in the province which has natural and attractive attractions along with the historical and cultural attractions of the province, which can attract attention of every tourist. In this regard, assessing the capabilities and potentials of tectonic and cultural tourism of the Zarivar Lake is the aim of this study. The method of the research is descriptive-analytical approach. Data have been obtained from documents and field research (questionnaires). For data analysis, Reynard and Pereira models have been used. Based on the Pereira model, Cutie geomorphologic region (3.71) has acquired approximately 67.5% of the standard model and index visibility (score 3.25), the value of protection (1.8 points) and the functional (4.9 points), respectively, which are 72, 61.8 and 70 percent of the standard model, respectively. Based on the Rynard model, the following criteria of scientific value of sustainability level with a score of 404/0 and long-standing geography with a score of 0.62, respectively, were evaluated with a moderate and good quality level, respectively. The following criteria were evaluated for the ecological (average), cultural (good), aesthetic (good) and economic (good) sub-criteria. Industrial tourism is a very suitable and economically profitable industry that has been highly regarded today by creating cultural and social exchanges between different nations due to the lack of environmental contaminations. Natural attractions of each country have an important role in attracting tourists. Geotourism is a branch of ecotourism in which the visitor seeks to observe geomorphological attractions, ancient finds of anthropology, caves, mineral charm, and so on. Zarivar Lake in Kurdistan province is one of the most beautiful places in the province which has natural and attractive attractions along with the historical and cultural attractions of the province, which can attract attention of every tourist. In this regard, assessing the capabilities and potentials of tectonic and cultural tourism of the Zarivar Lake is the aim of this study. The method of the research is descriptive-analytical approach. Data have been obtained from documents and field research (questionnaires). For data analysis, Reynard and Pereira models have been used. Based on the Pereira model, Cutie geomorphologic region (3.71) has acquired approximately 67.5% of the standard model and index visibility (score 3.25), the value of protection (1.8 points) and the functional (4.9 points), respectively, which are 72, 61.8 and 70 percent of the standard model, respectively. Based on the Rynard model, the following criteria of scientific value of sustainability level with a score of 404/0 and long-standing geography with a score of 0.62, respectively, were evaluated with a moderate and good quality level, respectively. The following criteria were evaluated for the ecological (average), cultural (good), aesthetic (good) and economic (good) sub-criteria. https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_22453_48e1a00af2f0a3778dd981a02b7faeb9.pdf

University of Isfahan Geography and Environmental Planning 2008-5362 28 4 2018 02 20 Integration of Multi-criteria Decision Making Methods with Logistic Regression Approach to Assess Landslide-Prone Areas in Zilbir-Chai Basin Integration of Multi-criteria Decision Making Methods with Logistic Regression Approach to Assess Landslide-Prone Areas in Zilbir-Chai Basin 33 52 22451 10.22108/gep.2017.98297.0 FA Mohamad Reza Nikjo Assistant Professor of Geomorphology and RS Groups, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Mohamad Hosein Rezaei Moghadam 2 Professor of Geomorphology and RS Groups, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Soghra Andaryani Ph.D Candidate in Geomorphology, University of Tabriz and Master of RS & GIS, Tabriz, Iran Journal Article 2016 07 12 Identifying susceptible areas to massive movements, including landslides, through risk modeling with appropriate and efficient models, is one of the basic measures in reducing potential damage and managing risk. The purpose of this study is to combine multi-criteria decision making techniques with logistic regression method to investigate landslide-prone areas in Zilbir-Chai basin. One of the methods is Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) method. In this model, firstly, the variables that are effective in landslide occurrences are subdivided into sub-criteria and each specific criterion is given a certain weight. In order to prevent the great role of the experts’ taste, the landslides in the studied area were discarded with the sub-criteria of each variable, and the percentage of landslide occurrence in each of them was the criterion of weighting the sub-criteria. This way, Fuzzy standardization was done accordingly. In the WLC model, in addition to weighting the subcategories, the variables themselves are also generally weighted by the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. In the present study, in addition to conventional weighting, this weight was measured by logistic regression (RL) statistical method and weighing criterion were obtained, normalized, and applied directly to the variables in the WLC model. To achieve this purpose, modeling was performed using nine independent parameters. Geological factors, land use type, altitude, slope gradient and aspect, distance from fault, distance from road and distance from drainage network were considered as environmental factors, and rainfall quantity (obtained from precipitation layer) was considered as a trigger factor. According to the results obtained from WLC model based on logistic regression weighting, high and very high risk zones constitute about 7.4% of the area with a validation of 94/0, but based on AHP weighting, these zones constitute about 4.7% of the area with a validation of 90/0. Identifying susceptible areas to massive movements, including landslides, through risk modeling with appropriate and efficient models, is one of the basic measures in reducing potential damage and managing risk. The purpose of this study is to combine multi-criteria decision making techniques with logistic regression method to investigate landslide-prone areas in Zilbir-Chai basin. One of the methods is Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) method. In this model, firstly, the variables that are effective in landslide occurrences are subdivided into sub-criteria and each specific criterion is given a certain weight. In order to prevent the great role of the experts’ taste, the landslides in the studied area were discarded with the sub-criteria of each variable, and the percentage of landslide occurrence in each of them was the criterion of weighting the sub-criteria. This way, Fuzzy standardization was done accordingly. In the WLC model, in addition to weighting the subcategories, the variables themselves are also generally weighted by the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. In the present study, in addition to conventional weighting, this weight was measured by logistic regression (RL) statistical method and weighing criterion were obtained, normalized, and applied directly to the variables in the WLC model. To achieve this purpose, modeling was performed using nine independent parameters. Geological factors, land use type, altitude, slope gradient and aspect, distance from fault, distance from road and distance from drainage network were considered as environmental factors, and rainfall quantity (obtained from precipitation layer) was considered as a trigger factor. According to the results obtained from WLC model based on logistic regression weighting, high and very high risk zones constitute about 7.4% of the area with a validation of 94/0, but based on AHP weighting, these zones constitute about 4.7% of the area with a validation of 90/0. https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_22451_715df34b7a67d7d53cf17b7dbeca35d6.pdf

University of Isfahan Geography and Environmental Planning 2008-5362 28 4 2018 02 20 A Study of Spatial Syntax of Traditional Neighborhood Structure with Catalyst Approach, Case Study: Haji Neighborhood in Hamedan A Study of Spatial Syntax of Traditional Neighborhood Structure with Catalyst Approach, Case Study: Haji Neighborhood in Hamedan 53 70 22452 10.22108/gep.2017.103306.1034 FA Sajjad Zolfigol MSC student of urban design, college of Art & Architecture, Bu Ali Sina university of Hamedan Hasan Sajadzadeh Assistant professor of urbanism, department of urban design , college of Art & Architecture, Bu Ali Sina university of Hamedan 0000-0002-3989-9389 Journal Article 2017 04 07 Neighborhoods are effective and important in each city. Traditional neighborhoods are also more important because of the long history they have in urban development. The Urban Catalyst approach, as effective and flexible approach in urban regeneration filed, looks for an appropriate response to return quality to neighborhoods. Targeted and minimal interventions, the participation of the main actors and the local community are the important features of urban catalyst as a new strategy of city development. The methodology of this research is interpretive-analytical that is based on reviewing important scientific documents for achieving purposeful framework to analyze a case study with space syntax theory and using AGRAPH and DEPTHMAP software to interpret the physical configuration of district. The main objective of the study is to investigate the spatial configuration in order to identify its fundamental, effective and prone areas for promoting development in line with the identity, structure, social, and economic structure of the neighborhood. The findings point to the importance of space-functional links in the original structure of traditional neighborhoods. Strong and coherent connections of the main corridor of the neighborhood on the one hand, and the high integration of the spatial organization of the center of the neighborhood, on the other hand, indicate favorable conditions  for skeletons as the main axis of the residential fabric of the Haji neighborhood to stimulate development. It seems that the spatial development incentive measures can lead to the recreation of traditional neighborhoods as quickly as possible. Neighborhoods are effective and important in each city. Traditional neighborhoods are also more important because of the long history they have in urban development. The Urban Catalyst approach, as effective and flexible approach in urban regeneration filed, looks for an appropriate response to return quality to neighborhoods. Targeted and minimal interventions, the participation of the main actors and the local community are the important features of urban catalyst as a new strategy of city development. The methodology of this research is interpretive-analytical that is based on reviewing important scientific documents for achieving purposeful framework to analyze a case study with space syntax theory and using AGRAPH and DEPTHMAP software to interpret the physical configuration of district. The main objective of the study is to investigate the spatial configuration in order to identify its fundamental, effective and prone areas for promoting development in line with the identity, structure, social, and economic structure of the neighborhood. The findings point to the importance of space-functional links in the original structure of traditional neighborhoods. Strong and coherent connections of the main corridor of the neighborhood on the one hand, and the high integration of the spatial organization of the center of the neighborhood, on the other hand, indicate favorable conditions  for skeletons as the main axis of the residential fabric of the Haji neighborhood to stimulate development. It seems that the spatial development incentive measures can lead to the recreation of traditional neighborhoods as quickly as possible. https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_22452_15f17664dcd3a08b58f978c150fe4770.pdf

University of Isfahan Geography and Environmental Planning 2008-5362 28 4 2018 02 20 The Trend Analysis of NDVI index in the elevation Class of Iran The Trend Analysis of NDVI index in the elevation Class of Iran 71 84 22498 10.22108/gep.2018.98153.0 FA Omid Reza Kefayat Motlagh 1 MSC Student of Climatology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran Seyed Abolfazl Masoodian Professor, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran Journal Article 2015 11 20 As vegetation and its variations have an effective influence, it is indispensable to be aware of the vegetation changes for each of the given geographic territory. The aim of this study is to examine trends in the NDVI index over Iran's elevation class. For this purpose, the MODIS Aqua Satellite NDVI data were obtained from July 4th 2002 to March 14th 2015. The 16 days long term mean of NDVI was computed based on the analysis of 10 billion pixels and, at the next step, a matrix was constructed in 111*293, which the rows were the representatives of the elevation class from -50 to 5500m in 50 meter steps and the columns showed the long term mean of the NDVI in the 16 days temporal resolution. The trend investigation using Mann-Kendall trend test revealed a positive trend for 400-450, 450-500, 500-550, 700-750 and 1250-1300 m elevation class at 0.95 level of significance, the other remaining elevation class showed no significant trend. As vegetation and its variations have an effective influence, it is indispensable to be aware of the vegetation changes for each of the given geographic territory. The aim of this study is to examine trends in the NDVI index over Iran's elevation class. For this purpose, the MODIS Aqua Satellite NDVI data were obtained from July 4th 2002 to March 14th 2015. The 16 days long term mean of NDVI was computed based on the analysis of 10 billion pixels and, at the next step, a matrix was constructed in 111*293, which the rows were the representatives of the elevation class from -50 to 5500m in 50 meter steps and the columns showed the long term mean of the NDVI in the 16 days temporal resolution. The trend investigation using Mann-Kendall trend test revealed a positive trend for 400-450, 450-500, 500-550, 700-750 and 1250-1300 m elevation class at 0.95 level of significance, the other remaining elevation class showed no significant trend. https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_22498_bbb7adebe07232cf24df52c59fc71a27.pdf

University of Isfahan Geography and Environmental Planning 2008-5362 28 4 2018 02 20 Investigating Rural People Perceptions of Climate Changes and Adaptation Strategies in Zabol County Investigating Rural People Perceptions of Climate Changes and Adaptation Strategies in Zabol County 85 106 22553 10.22108/gep.2018.103703.1041 FA Gholamhossein Abdollahzadeh Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agricultural Management, Gorgan University Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Goran, Iran. Alireza Azhdarpour Graduated MSc Student, Dept. of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agricultural Management, Gorgan University Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Goran, Iran. Mohmmad Sharif Sharifzadeh Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agricultural Extension and Education, Faculty of Agricultural Management, Gorgan University Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Goran, Iran. Journal Article 2017 04 26 This study aimed to investigate the rural people perceptions of climate change and adaptation strategies in Zabol County. Descriptive research methods based on questionnaire survey were employed. Target population includes 107282 of the rural dwellers in Zabol in which 380 samples were selected by the Cochran formula. Results indicated that half of respondents had strong and very strong perception about climate changed. The results of strategies prioritizing showed that conservative, economic and social strategies have more importance to cope with climate change in the area. Most respondents highlight strategies such as investment reeducation in agricultural production, sale of diverse assets, water storing, improving farm operation, migration to the cities and participation in training programs among main triple type of strategies. The independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA results  showed that the perception of climate change, gender, education level, agriculture experience, occupation type, livestock ownership, drought insurance and income have impacted on using adaptation strategies to cope with climate change. Friedman test showed that the physical, social and economic limitations to face climate changes were more important respectively among rural people. Limitations such as building large dams in the Afghanistan, non-efficacy of storage systems at the regional level, lack of suitable water storage, lack of financial strength, non-ability to get credit, lack of funds for using modern methods of irrigation, lack of knowledge of strategies for coping climate change and lack of cooperation from some people to consume water less were most restrictions for dealing climate change. The independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA results showed perception of restriction of coping with climate change were influenced by marital status, education level, length of residence, type of occupation, livestock ownership and drought insurance. This study aimed to investigate the rural people perceptions of climate change and adaptation strategies in Zabol County. Descriptive research methods based on questionnaire survey were employed. Target population includes 107282 of the rural dwellers in Zabol in which 380 samples were selected by the Cochran formula. Results indicated that half of respondents had strong and very strong perception about climate changed. The results of strategies prioritizing showed that conservative, economic and social strategies have more importance to cope with climate change in the area. Most respondents highlight strategies such as investment reeducation in agricultural production, sale of diverse assets, water storing, improving farm operation, migration to the cities and participation in training programs among main triple type of strategies. The independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA results  showed that the perception of climate change, gender, education level, agriculture experience, occupation type, livestock ownership, drought insurance and income have impacted on using adaptation strategies to cope with climate change. Friedman test showed that the physical, social and economic limitations to face climate changes were more important respectively among rural people. Limitations such as building large dams in the Afghanistan, non-efficacy of storage systems at the regional level, lack of suitable water storage, lack of financial strength, non-ability to get credit, lack of funds for using modern methods of irrigation, lack of knowledge of strategies for coping climate change and lack of cooperation from some people to consume water less were most restrictions for dealing climate change. The independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA results showed perception of restriction of coping with climate change were influenced by marital status, education level, length of residence, type of occupation, livestock ownership and drought insurance. https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_22553_3cd1a38e076c0bd1979223eff301fd5a.pdf

University of Isfahan Geography and Environmental Planning 2008-5362 28 4 2018 02 20 Evaluation of the Ecotourism Potential of Kolah Ghazi Park Using Freeman Strategic Planning Model Evaluation of the Ecotourism Potential of Kolah Ghazi Park Using Freeman Strategic Planning Model 107 126 22564 10.22108/gep.2017.97925.0 FA Mahdis Sadat Student of Ph.D. in environmental planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Mahmood Zoghi Student of Ph.D. in environmental planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Sepideh Karimi Student of Ph.D. in environmental planning, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Javad Amiri Assistant Professor of environmental planning, management and training, Faculty of environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2014 12 04 <strong> </strong> Ecotourism or natural tourism is one of the tourism areas that has the most compatibility with nature and is significantly considered by nature lovers in recent years. But sometimes, ecotourism development has been done only for economic benefits and regardless of ecological values in different areas. Hence, in order to better manage and preserve the environmental values, it is necessary to develop with planning and based on the specific strategies of each region. Kolah Ghazi National Park, located in the south of Isfahan province, which has multiple genetic resources and unique landscape and diverse habitats can be a destination of tourists and create the ecotourism development. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors of strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats and providing appropriate strategies for the development of ecotourism in the region by a descriptive-analytical approach. To analyze the data and to determine the strategies for developing ecotourism, SWOT model was applied. At the end, to avoid the limitations of the model and quantifying the values and prioritizing strategies, AHP and Freeman methods were used. Freeman matrix called the matrix of stakeholders which is prepared based on the economic, social, cultural and ecological priorities of the park. The results showed that the region's strengths are more than the weaknesses and threats are in the region are more than opportunities. Therefore, considering the park's situation, it is necessary to use competitive strategies. In order to maintain park health and sustainable development in the region, two strategies for establishing a comprehensive management plan for protecting species diversity and ecotourism development in the region with a score of 107 and elaborating long-term environmental monitoring programs for the park in order to identify the polluting and destructive resources with a score of 104 as the main strategies required for the region. The planning based on the proposed strategies can ensure the ecotourism development of the region in keeping with the environmental conditions and reducing the threats and improving the weaknesses. <strong> </strong> Ecotourism or natural tourism is one of the tourism areas that has the most compatibility with nature and is significantly considered by nature lovers in recent years. But sometimes, ecotourism development has been done only for economic benefits and regardless of ecological values in different areas. Hence, in order to better manage and preserve the environmental values, it is necessary to develop with planning and based on the specific strategies of each region. Kolah Ghazi National Park, located in the south of Isfahan province, which has multiple genetic resources and unique landscape and diverse habitats can be a destination of tourists and create the ecotourism development. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors of strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats and providing appropriate strategies for the development of ecotourism in the region by a descriptive-analytical approach. To analyze the data and to determine the strategies for developing ecotourism, SWOT model was applied. At the end, to avoid the limitations of the model and quantifying the values and prioritizing strategies, AHP and Freeman methods were used. Freeman matrix called the matrix of stakeholders which is prepared based on the economic, social, cultural and ecological priorities of the park. The results showed that the region's strengths are more than the weaknesses and threats are in the region are more than opportunities. Therefore, considering the park's situation, it is necessary to use competitive strategies. In order to maintain park health and sustainable development in the region, two strategies for establishing a comprehensive management plan for protecting species diversity and ecotourism development in the region with a score of 107 and elaborating long-term environmental monitoring programs for the park in order to identify the polluting and destructive resources with a score of 104 as the main strategies required for the region. The planning based on the proposed strategies can ensure the ecotourism development of the region in keeping with the environmental conditions and reducing the threats and improving the weaknesses. https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_22564_91502f9be953ac10584ba931a1a27b2f.pdf

University of Isfahan Geography and Environmental Planning 2008-5362 28 4 2018 02 20 The Study of Teleological Philosophy in the Thought of Karl Ritter (with an Emphasis on the Enlightenment and Romanticism) The Study of Teleological Philosophy in the Thought of Karl Ritter (with an Emphasis on the Enlightenment and Romanticism) 127 144 22559 10.22108/gep.2018.98290.0 FA Maryam Soltani Assistant Professor of Philosophy, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Sayyad Asghari 2 Associate Professor, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran Journal Article 2016 06 20 Geographers of eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, generally under the influence of Newtonian physics, which, by linking physics with the system of change and weakening, had opened it’s teleology to explain natural phenomena of a new way of negating teleology as a lacking scientific subject matter, the only mechanical interpretation of the phenomenal nature of supply. Thus, understanding the nature of finality provisions in geography has dramatically vanished. But, Karl Ritter, a German geographer, based on his religious beliefs and with the views of philosophers like Kant and the school of romanticism, considered the geographic analysis to be incomplete and suggests that such an analysis, in addition to geography, lacks a general and necessary credit; it is incapable of explaining nature as a general purposefulness. Hence, Ritter considers the ending of nature to be one of the most important foundations of the recognition of nature in geography, and tries to explain it, while paying attention to Newtonian physics, in order to explain the negligence of nature and the necessity of paying attention to this principle in geography. This article, in view of the need to expand its theoretical area, with an analytical-descriptive method, after the introduction of Newtonian picture of the nature, studies the role of teleological philosophy in the thought of Karl Ritter and seeks to answer the question of why geographers such Carl Ritter, in accordance with other geographers of his time to interpret nature, did not adequately consider Newtonian physics and considered the system of nature as a targeted military. Geographers of eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, generally under the influence of Newtonian physics, which, by linking physics with the system of change and weakening, had opened it’s teleology to explain natural phenomena of a new way of negating teleology as a lacking scientific subject matter, the only mechanical interpretation of the phenomenal nature of supply. Thus, understanding the nature of finality provisions in geography has dramatically vanished. But, Karl Ritter, a German geographer, based on his religious beliefs and with the views of philosophers like Kant and the school of romanticism, considered the geographic analysis to be incomplete and suggests that such an analysis, in addition to geography, lacks a general and necessary credit; it is incapable of explaining nature as a general purposefulness. Hence, Ritter considers the ending of nature to be one of the most important foundations of the recognition of nature in geography, and tries to explain it, while paying attention to Newtonian physics, in order to explain the negligence of nature and the necessity of paying attention to this principle in geography. This article, in view of the need to expand its theoretical area, with an analytical-descriptive method, after the introduction of Newtonian picture of the nature, studies the role of teleological philosophy in the thought of Karl Ritter and seeks to answer the question of why geographers such Carl Ritter, in accordance with other geographers of his time to interpret nature, did not adequately consider Newtonian physics and considered the system of nature as a targeted military. https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_22559_acd6b5f0ea94748a6c0c7aeec4fee78a.pdf

University of Isfahan Geography and Environmental Planning 2008-5362 28 4 2018 02 20 Analysis of the Processes and Ways of Spreading Political-Administrative Cities of Iran (Case Study: Yasouj, since its Creation to date) Analysis of the Processes and Ways of Spreading Political-Administrative Cities of Iran (Case Study: Yasouj, since its Creation to date) 143 164 22599 10.22108/gep.2017.98167.0 FA Hosseein Hosseinekhah M.A Student of Geography and Urban Planning In University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran Ali Zangabadi Associate of Geography and Urban Planning In University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran Journal Article 2015 12 12 The present study analyzed Yasouj physical growth since its creation (1343) onwards. Hence, the extent of these changes has been analyzed via using satellite imagery and geographic information system for the growth and development of Yasouj city during six periods of 1343 to 45, 1345 to 55, 1355 to 65, 1365 to 75, 1375 to 85, and 1385 to 93 AH surveys as well as demographic changes. The results of the study show Yasouj city's population of 34 people in 1343 to 120,000 in 1393, an area of 5 hectares in 1343 to 40 thousand hectares in 1393, and a gross density of 186 person-years in 1343 to 60 in 1393. Most of the physical development of the city of Yasouj has been encountered in Yasouj-Sisakht and the northern side of the city since its creation to date due to its topographical constraints, steep and forest cover development of the city. The results also show that the most prominent cause of the physical development of the city during its 50-year period was the migration from villages and neighboring cities to Yasouj. The uneven physical and spatial growth of the city of Yasouj since its creation has caused the question of locating the optimal directions of physical development of the city for an increasing population as a serious necessity. Also, using Inversion Hierarchical Weight Process (IHWP), the optimal directions for future development of Yasouj city were identified to preserve the harmonious development and to provide the long-term development of the city in the future. The present study analyzed Yasouj physical growth since its creation (1343) onwards. Hence, the extent of these changes has been analyzed via using satellite imagery and geographic information system for the growth and development of Yasouj city during six periods of 1343 to 45, 1345 to 55, 1355 to 65, 1365 to 75, 1375 to 85, and 1385 to 93 AH surveys as well as demographic changes. The results of the study show Yasouj city's population of 34 people in 1343 to 120,000 in 1393, an area of 5 hectares in 1343 to 40 thousand hectares in 1393, and a gross density of 186 person-years in 1343 to 60 in 1393. Most of the physical development of the city of Yasouj has been encountered in Yasouj-Sisakht and the northern side of the city since its creation to date due to its topographical constraints, steep and forest cover development of the city. The results also show that the most prominent cause of the physical development of the city during its 50-year period was the migration from villages and neighboring cities to Yasouj. The uneven physical and spatial growth of the city of Yasouj since its creation has caused the question of locating the optimal directions of physical development of the city for an increasing population as a serious necessity. Also, using Inversion Hierarchical Weight Process (IHWP), the optimal directions for future development of Yasouj city were identified to preserve the harmonious development and to provide the long-term development of the city in the future. https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_22599_71a4d5e5f8a099113fd09031c9e8ed52.pdf

University of Isfahan Geography and Environmental Planning 2008-5362 28 4 2018 02 20 Zagros and Space Identity Zagros and Space Identity 165 176 22618 10.22108/gep.2017.97987.0 FA Mohammad Reza Nowjavan Assistant Professor of Geomorphology, Islamic Azad University Meybod Branch, Meybod, Iran Journal Article 2015 04 02 The concept of space identity received an increasingly significant place in the analysis of social behavior and preparedness and is considered to have a decoding role in understanding many important geographic phenomena. Researchers have frequently attempted to find out which factor or factors responsible for the generation of human civilization in varied forms and patterns. Can rivers be responsible? If so, why can we find urban and village residence only in certain places along the rivers which are sometimes around hundreds of kilometers long? Moreover, in places where there have been good soil and water, nomadic civilization rather than an inhabited one has been formed. Recent studies have found that space identity provides the answers to all these questions and the studies done by researchers in Iran suggest that the main fundamental of civilization in Iran is subject to specific regulations and rules and follows the space identity of its domain.  In this article, which is the result of a research project at Islamic Azad University Maybod Branch in Iran, based on discourse analysis, an attempt has been made to understand space identity of inhabitation in Zagros area and the results show that although Zagros is considered a nomadic civilization area, other space identity factors have also played a limited or small role in changing the main texture of space organizations among which the following can be mentioned: a) quaternary lake shore in the domain of nomadic social civilization system has been a strong attraction in changing the nomadic civilization to an inhabitedcivilization, and b) hazardous landslide phenomenon in Zagros has had an effect in creating more place preparedness, which has subsequently led to the formation of small villages and settlements in the domain of nomadic civilization The concept of space identity received an increasingly significant place in the analysis of social behavior and preparedness and is considered to have a decoding role in understanding many important geographic phenomena. Researchers have frequently attempted to find out which factor or factors responsible for the generation of human civilization in varied forms and patterns. Can rivers be responsible? If so, why can we find urban and village residence only in certain places along the rivers which are sometimes around hundreds of kilometers long? Moreover, in places where there have been good soil and water, nomadic civilization rather than an inhabited one has been formed. Recent studies have found that space identity provides the answers to all these questions and the studies done by researchers in Iran suggest that the main fundamental of civilization in Iran is subject to specific regulations and rules and follows the space identity of its domain.  In this article, which is the result of a research project at Islamic Azad University Maybod Branch in Iran, based on discourse analysis, an attempt has been made to understand space identity of inhabitation in Zagros area and the results show that although Zagros is considered a nomadic civilization area, other space identity factors have also played a limited or small role in changing the main texture of space organizations among which the following can be mentioned: a) quaternary lake shore in the domain of nomadic social civilization system has been a strong attraction in changing the nomadic civilization to an inhabitedcivilization, and b) hazardous landslide phenomenon in Zagros has had an effect in creating more place preparedness, which has subsequently led to the formation of small villages and settlements in the domain of nomadic civilization https://gep.ui.ac.ir/article_22618_a13143060de31a59fe75fa09605ec5e7.pdf