جایگاه کشت‌های دوم در اقتصاد نواحی روستایی (مطالعه موردی: دهستان دشت‌سر آمل)

نویسندگان

چکیده

  در شرایط فعلی، کشاورزی مهم‌ترین فعالیت اقتصادی در اغلب روستاهای ایران بوده و لازم است به عنوان محور برنامه‌های توسعه قرار گیرد. بخش کشاورزی علاوه بر تأمین نیازهای مصرفی جمعیت، ایجاد اشتغال، افزایش درآمد و غیره نقش اساسی در اقتصاد خانوارهای روستایی دارد. در نواحی روستایی که فعالیت غالب آن‌ها کشت محصولات زراعی است، بررسی نقش فعالیت‌های مکمل اقتصادی می‌تواند حائز اهمیت باشد. هدف از این تحقیق بررسی نقش و جایگاه کشت‌های دوم در اقتصاد خانوارهای روستایی در بین شالی‌کاران منطقه‌ی دشت‌سر آمل بوده است. روش تحقیق در این مطالعه توصیفی- تحلیلی است که برای گردآوری اطلاعات از روش‌های میدانی (پرسشنامه) کمک گرفته شده و بر اساس آن علاوه بر شوراها و دهیاران 40 روستای مورد مطالعه، از 354 خانوار روستایی نمونه پرسشگری به عمل آمده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که ظهور کشت‌های دوم در نواحی روستایی مورد مطالعه از سه دهه‌ی قبل شروع شده، امّا در دهه‌ی 1380 روند فزاینده‌ای به خود گرفته است، به نحوی که میزان گرایش روستاییان به کشت‌های دوم در بین 4/41 درصد پاسخگویان، زیاد و خیلی زیاد است. علاوه بر این سهم کشت‌های دوم در اقتصاد خانوارهای روستایی از نظر حجم درآمد خالص 5/37 درصد و از نظر حجم درآمدزایی کل برابر 3/21 درصد برآورد شده است . بنابراین ، ضریب درآمدزایی کشت‌های دوم نمونه تا 15/3 برابر نسبت به کشت غالب برنج می‌رسد. با توجه به یافته‌های پژوهش، راهکارهایی از قبیل ایجاد کارخانه‌ی بسته‌بندی سبزیجات، راه‌اندازی کارخانه‌های سبزی خشک‌کنی، استفاده‌های از بذرهای اصلاح شده و پر محصول و غیره پیشنهاد شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The role of second cultivations in the economy of rural areas (Case Study: Dashtsar Dehestan of Amol)

نویسندگان [English]

  • A.A. Anabstani
  • H. Seyfi
چکیده [English]

  The role of second cultivations in the economy of rural areas (Case Study: Dashtsar Dehestan of Amol)       Received: January 2, 2011 / Accepted: August 13, 2011, 29-32 P   A.A. Anabstani. ( * )   Associate Professor of Geography and Rural Planning, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran   e-mail: anabestani@um.ac.ir     H. Seyfi   M.A. of Geography and Rural Planning, Ferdowsi university of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran          Extended abstract   1- Intro duction   In current conditions, agriculture's most important economic activity in most villages of Iran and need to be development oriented. In addition to providing the consumer needs of the agricultural sector, creating employment, increasing income and so has a major role in the economy of rural households. In the rural areas of most crops are grown, the role of complementary economic activities can be important. The survey second cultivations as a complementary activity, the main crop is paddy rice could be a way to raise revenue, increase employment opportunities and prosperity of rural communities in the study area is the Dashtsar Dehestan of Amol County.     2- Methodology   Methods In this research is descriptive - analytical, part of the research data from field studies and questionnaires and interviews, another part of the conceptual     and theoretical framework of such data, documents and censuses have been obtained through the library. In the study area, all of villages with 10 households, 40 villages and population of 35.8 thousand were selected. The population consists of agricultural exploiters using the formula Kuchran, with a sample size of 354 households and villages to visit, and information obtained from questionnaires completed by rural households. After data collection and processing software environments in SPSS, ArcGIS & etc., Data analysis and were studied to clarify the issue.   This is the first study to examine whether the distribution of rural settlements in the region and interference of various factors, second cultivations, despite the prevailing culture of the rural economy influence coefficient cultures of rice is how much? The present study sought answers to the above question and by reason of the cultures and the residents of the area is welcome. The hypothesis of this study can be developed, it seems that the decrease in rice prices and to get rid of the single-product economy, in recent years, local farmers turned to second cultivations and significant role in the economy of rural households have been allocated.     3- Discussion   second cultivations as a complementary economic activity in the dominant culture of the region the rice area in the years before the revolution there, they are often used to your face and a small amount to the sale have been carried out. While the cultivation of these products day after the Islamic revolution has increased and in recent years, the maximum is reached. Local inquiry shows that lack of income from rice cultivation and living expenses not funded by 50 percent, Income increased 30% and 20% unemployment and job creation the main causes of farmers' attitudes towards the second cultivations. In addition, farmers in the region to respond to the question of the extent to which second cultivations are satisfied with the level of their villages? 35.3 percent high and 31.3 percent on average this type of expansion of agricultural activities have expressed satisfaction indicating that the level of farmers to increase income and enhance their economic potential is.   The costs of a rural household in 2008 about the digit 66 million Riyal for each household residing in the province shows, current income is only enough to hold an annual cost of more than half of rural households will. Farmers in the agricultural area are looking for ways to increase your income bringing the second cultivations on one of these income sources will be. Findings show that the total volume of the sample, 100 percent of the exploiters of rice agriculture, with 27 percent of second cultivations and 37 percent are other economic activities. Income in the volume of economic activities in the study area, these results indicate that 47.5 percent of income from rice, 21.3 percent of second cultivations and 31.2 percent to other economic activities such as livestock, horticulture, retail and so belongs. Finally, the volume of net income per rural resident in the area, 22.5 percent of rice, 37.5 percent of second cultivations and 40 percent is other economic activities Therefore, according to research findings, the economy of rural households in the second cultivations about two-fifths share of net income and income are allocated to one fifth of the volume, the production cost of rice in cultures, as compared with the cultures (vegetables, etc.) has more.     4- Conclusion   Appearance of second cultivations in rural areas were started three decades ago, but in the decade to 2000 has been an increasing trend, so that the tendency of villagers to the cultures in 41.4 percent of respondents, is high and very high. Significant role in developing products for the second cultivations to increase farmers' incomes and the needs of society, such as vegetable oil is edible. In case of technical problems such as drainage problems and formulating policies on rice farms and marketing support for agricultural products, the possibility of expanding the area under cultivation in the region, there will be, this additional income will be the fate of farmers. So that second cultivations the share of households in the rural economy in terms of volume, net income 37.5 percent of the total income amount equal to 21.3 percent, is, two cultures of the income ratio to 3.15 against the dominant culture to be rice.   Out of difficulties and obstacles in the area for two cultures, the following guidelines may be appropriate in part:   A vegetable packing plant, with 3,110 hectares of land available   Create of drying vegetable factory in this area that increased of the area under cultivation of vegetables.   Products suitable for the cultivation of paddy land one way to maintain a stable income for farmers in rice production, introduce products tailored second cultivations of the lands is paddy fields.   The use of improved seed varieties and introduce new products and product with the high production efficiency and yield than local varieties, increase the economic income of rural households has to.   And support more government oversight of the agriculture sector.       References   Amar, T, Moshiri, S. R., and Mahdavi, M., (2004) "revolution of economic development in rural areas of functioning", Journal of Geographical Studies, No. 50.   Amol County Health Center, (2008) "village's population statistics".   Anabstani, A. A, (2003), "Stabilization of the rural economy through the powers integrate agricultural production (case study: Rokh- Kadkan Of Torbat_hydariyeh County)", PhD thesis, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.   Asayesh, H., (1995), "Rural Economy", Payam Noor University Press.   Ebrahimi, M.S., Parastar, A. and Jafari, H., (2009) "Second cultivation in paddy fields, a strategy for increasing the income of paddy", Journal Barzegar, No. 1029, pp 77-74.   Este'laji, A.R and Ghadiri Ma'sum, M, 2005 "The surviving of geographical factors at System Establishment Of settlement with emphasis on quantitative techniques (case study: Vilkaij area of Namin County)", Journal of Geographical Studies, No. 53, pp 136-121.   Hashemi. H. et al, (2008) "five articles about human resources in agriculture," Planning and Agricultural Economics Research Institute.   Javan, J. & Saghaei, M. (2003) "Approach to diversify the rural economy (combining agriculture and tourism)," Planning and Agricultural Economics Research Institute Proceedings.   Khodabandeh, N., (2000), "grains", Sixth Edition, Tehran University Press.   Mahdavi, M., (2004), "Introduction of rural geography in Iran (geographic knowledge of rural issues)," SAMT press.   Motiei Langroodi. S.H, (2003), "rural planning with an emphasis on Iran", Mashhad University Jihad Press.   Nezamabad Agricultural Services Center, (2009), "Acreage of agricultural villages in the region from 2008 to 2009 crop year."   Nouri, S. H. A. And the Alimohammadi, N., (2009) "Analysis of economic activity of rural woman (Case study: Boraan region of Isfahan County)", Journal of Geography and Environmental Planning, Year 20, No. 34, pp. 104-87.   Saeedi, A., 2000 Fundamentals of rural geography, SAMT press.   Seyfi, H., (2009), "strategies for diversification of agricultural economics (Case study: Dashtsar Dehestan of Amol," MS Thesis, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.   Statistic Center of Iran (2009) "cost - the income of rural households in the province in 2008."   Statistic Center of Iran, (2006) "Country Vilaages ID – Amol County".   The Governor of Mazandaran (2009) "status divisions, Amol County."   www.mazandnume.com   Yasoory, M. (2007), "Introduction to the rural economy, with emphasis on agriculture," Astan Ghods Razavi Institute Press (publishing).    

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • second cultivations
  • Rice
  • rural economy
  • rice farmers
  • income